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L'efficacité de la Politique Monétaire en Situation d'Incertitude et d'Extraversion: Le Cas de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)

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Author Info
Kako Kossivi Nubukpo
Abstract

La politique monétaire conduite par la Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO) souffre d'une faible efficacité, au regard de l'absence de liaisons existant entre l'objectif de lutte contre l'inflation que l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) lui a assignée et les instruments dont elle dispose (taux d'intérêt directeurs). Elle est également la proie de critiques sur l'absence d'objectif de croissance économique dans son mandat de banque centrale de pays en développement parmi les plus pauvres du monde. L'objectif du présent article est de montrer que certaines spécificités de la zone UEMOA, notamment la prégnance de nombreuses incertitudes dans la zone et la forte extraversion qui caractérise la structure et le fonctionnement de ses institutions, sont à la base de cette inefficacité. Leur prise en compte permet de résoudre certains des paradoxes que suscite la politique monétaire de la BCEAO. Des pistes d'amélioration de l'efficacité de cette politique, ainsi que les modalités d'une redéfinition éventuelle de ses objectifs sont suggérées. The CFA franc is one example of the perpetuation of the (post) colonial link between France and its former African colonies. The BCEAO, which manages the CFA franc in West Africa, runs an inefficient monetary policy, in which there are few linkages between the fight against inflation - a policy established by the WAEMU - and the instruments at disposal, notably its ability to set interest rate ceilings. It also holds in reserve too much exchange with the French Treasury, and although it is the main bank for the poorest developing countries in the world, its objective is not economic growth. Finally, within the bank, there is currently no debate taking place about the opportunity costs of rigidly pegging the CFA to the euro in a context of weak export competitiveness amongst the WAEMU economies and a 'strong' euro. The structure and functioning of WAEMU are highly externally driven. This explains the weakness of monetary policy within the BCEAO.

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Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal The European Journal of Development Research.

Volume (Year): 19 (2007)
Issue (Month): 3 ()
Pages: 480-495
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Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:3:p:480-495

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