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The Societal Cost of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Huajie Jin

    (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London)

  • Iris Mosweu

    (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London)

Abstract

Background Cost-of-illness (COI) studies provide useful information on the economic burden that schizophrenia imposes on a society. Objectives This study aims to give a general overview of COI studies for schizophrenia and to compare the societal cost of schizophrenia across countries. It also aims to identify the main cost components of schizophrenia and factors associated with higher societal cost to improve the quality and reporting of COI studies for schizophrenia. Methods We performed an electronic search on multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Management Information Consortium [HMIC] and the System for Information on Grey Literature [openSIGLE]) to identify COI studies of schizophrenia published between 1996 and 2016. The primary outcome of this review was societal cost per schizophrenia patient, by cost component. All costs were converted to $US, year 2015 values. Results We included 19 studies in this review. The annual societal cost per patient varied from $US5818 in Thailand to $US94,587 in Norway; whereas the lifetime societal cost per patient was estimated to be $US988,264 in Australia (all year 2015 values). The main cost drivers were direct healthcare costs and productivity losses. Factors associated with higher individual costs included patient demographics, severity of disease and methods used to calculate the costs of productivity losses and comorbidities. Conclusions This review highlights the large economic burden of schizophrenia. The magnitude of the cost estimates differs considerably across countries, which might be caused by different economic conditions and healthcare systems and widespread methodological heterogeneity among COI studies. Proposed recommendations based on this review can be used to improve the consistency and comparability of COI studies for schizophrenia.

Suggested Citation

  • Huajie Jin & Iris Mosweu, 2017. "The Societal Cost of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 25-42, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:pharme:v:35:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1007_s40273-016-0444-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s40273-016-0444-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Juan Oliva-Moreno & Julio López-Bastida & Rubén Osuna-Guerrero & Angel Montejo-González & Beatriz Duque-González, 2006. "The costs of schizophrenia in Spain," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 7(3), pages 179-184, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Huajie Jin & Paul McCrone & James H. MacCabe, 2019. "Stratified medicine in schizophrenia: how accurate would a test of drug response need to be to achieve cost-effective improvements in quality of life?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 20(9), pages 1425-1435, December.
    2. Maryam Zabihi Poursaadati & Masoomeh Maarefvand & Jafar Bolhari & Samaneh Hosseinzadeh & Nahid Songhori & Leili Derakhshan & Jagdish Khubchandani, 2023. "Caregivers’ experiences and perspectives of factors associated with relapse in Iranian people living with schizophrenia: A qualitative study," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(1), pages 86-100, February.
    3. Katrine Melby & Mona Nygård & Mathias Forsberg Brobakken & Rolf W. Gråwe & Ismail Cüneyt Güzey & Solveig Klæbo Reitan & Einar Vedul-Kjelsås & Jørn Heggelund & Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera, 2021. "Test-Retest Reliability of the Patient Activation Measure-13 in Adults with Substance Use Disorders and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-8, January.
    4. Eliason, Marcus, 2023. "The financial situation before and after first-time psychiatric in-patient diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, and major depressive disorder," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).

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