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The changing assessments of John Snow's and William Farr's cholera studies

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  • John Eyler

Abstract

Cet article décrit des études épidémiologiques sur le choléra menées par deux importants chercheurs britanniques du milieu du 19 ème siècle, John Snow et William Farr. Il s'interroge sur les raisons pour lesquelles leurs contemporains apprécièrent leurs résultats de façon inverse à notre appréciation contemporaine. Au curs des années 1840 et 1850, les travaux de Farr furent considérés comme définitifs, alors que ceux de Snow étaient jugés ingénieux mais biaisés. Bien que les conclusions de Snow allaient à l'opposé des attentes de ses contemporains, les principales réserves par rapport à ses études sur le choléra provenaient de ses analogies périlleuses, de son réductionnisme implacable et de sa tendance à ignorer les faits qui contredisaient sa théorie. Ses contemporains étaient beaucoup plus convaincus par l'utilisation éclectique, par Farr, des théories en vogue, son acceptation de l'existence de causes multiples et sa découverte d'une loi mathématique qui décrivait l'épidémie de Londres en 1849. Il fallait que se produise un changement majeur dans le raisonnement causal en médecine pour que les travaux de Snow puissent être largement acceptés. Les dernières études de William Farr ont contribé à la reconnaissance de Snow. Copyright Birkhäuser Verlag 2001

Suggested Citation

  • John Eyler, 2001. "The changing assessments of John Snow's and William Farr's cholera studies," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 46(4), pages 225-232, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijphth:v:46:y:2001:i:4:p:225-232
    DOI: 10.1007/BF01593177
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jane Jenson, 2008. "Getting to Sewers and Sanitation: Doing Public Health within Nineteenth-Century Britain's Citizenship Regimes," Politics & Society, , vol. 36(4), pages 532-556, December.
    2. John Eyler, 2002. "Constructing vital statistics: Thomas Rowe Edmonds and William Farr, 1835–1845," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 47(1), pages 6-13, March.
    3. Koch, Tom & Denike, Kenneth, 2009. "Crediting his critics' concerns: Remaking John Snow's map of Broad Street cholera, 1854," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 1246-1251, October.

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