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Impacts of national park tourism sites: a perceptual analysis from residents of three spatial levels of local communities in Banff national park

Author

Listed:
  • Fangbing Hu

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Zhongjun Wang

    (University of British Columbia
    Beijing Forestry University)

  • Gonghan Sheng

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Xia Lia

    (University of British Columbia
    Fujian Forestry Vocational and Technical College)

  • Can Chen

    (University of British Columbia
    Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)

  • Dehui Geng

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Xinchen Hong

    (University of British Columbia
    Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)

  • Nuo Xu

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Zhipeng Zhu

    (University of British Columbia
    Fujian University of Technology)

  • Zuofang Zhang

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Liying Zhu

    (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)

  • Guangyu Wang

    (University of British Columbia)

Abstract

Communities next to national parks, known as gateway communities, can benefit from national park development. Gateway communities are unique and limited in the degree to which, and direction in which, they can be developed. In this research, Banff National Park was used as a case study to explore residents' perceptions of the impact of national park tourism via a survey questionnaire distributed in communities at three different spatial levels (core, intermediate, and remote portal). The data analyses were based on a sample of 231 respondents and were processed using factor analysis and linear regression models for different communities. The results identified six impact factors, and the differences in each community were analyzed. The findings indicated that residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism in the town of Canmore rank first, followed by those of Banff and Golden. The regression analysis revealed that Banff was found to have the most supportive residents, and their support for tourism was found to be significantly affected by community natural environmental factors and cultural development factors. Canmore residents were mainly affected by cultural factors. Golden residents were least supportive due to through natural environmental factors and quality of life factors. An adaptive analysis revealed that Banff has the closest economic relationship with national park tourism, and Golden the weakest. Balancing the positive and negative impacts of tourism, exploring more cultural service functions of the communities, seeking a more diverse industrial structure, planning year-round tourism, and cooperating with other communities to ensure local benefits are recommended. The findings may provide an additional understanding of the local perceptions of tourism impacts and local support from a spatial perspective and can help sustainable tourism management by assisting communities to optimize the tourism industry structure and local management strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Fangbing Hu & Zhongjun Wang & Gonghan Sheng & Xia Lia & Can Chen & Dehui Geng & Xinchen Hong & Nuo Xu & Zhipeng Zhu & Zuofang Zhang & Liying Zhu & Guangyu Wang, 2022. "Impacts of national park tourism sites: a perceptual analysis from residents of three spatial levels of local communities in Banff national park," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 3126-3145, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:24:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s10668-021-01562-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01562-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jennifer Strickland-Munro & Susan Moore & Stefanie Freitag-Ronaldson, 2010. "The impacts of tourism on two communities adjacent to the Kruger National Park, South Africa," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(5), pages 663-678.
    2. Leah Joyner & N. Qwynne Lackey & Kelly S. Bricker, 2019. "Community Engagement: An Appreciative Inquiry Case Study with Theodore Roosevelt National Park Gateway Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Frauman, Eric & Banks, Sarah, 2011. "Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating Importance-Performance Analysis into a Limits of Acceptable Change framework," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 128-140.
    4. Deery, Margaret & Jago, Leo & Fredline, Liz, 2012. "Rethinking social impacts of tourism research: A new research agenda," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 64-73.
    5. Ezebilo, Eugene E. & Mattsson, Leif, 2010. "Socio-economic benefits of protected areas as perceived by local people around Cross River National Park, Nigeria," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 189-193, March.
    6. Sharpley, Richard, 2014. "Host perceptions of tourism: A review of the research," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 37-49.
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    1. Sanja Obradović & Aleksandra Tešin, 2023. "Local Communities’ Perceptions of Tourism Planning in Natural Areas," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Tao Luo & Zijing Zhang & Xinchen Hong & Yanyun Wang & Xuewei Zhang, 2022. "Evaluating Spatial Identity Based on Climate Adaptation in Small Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-17, December.

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