IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/annopr/v299y2021i1d10.1007_s10479-019-03241-y.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pension schemes versus real estate

Author

Listed:
  • V. D’Amato

    (University of Salerno)

  • E. Lorenzo

    (University of Naples Federico II)

  • S. Haberman

    (City, University of London)

  • M. Sibillo

    (University of Salerno)

  • R. Tizzano

    (University of Naples Federico II)

Abstract

The demographic, economic and social changes that have characterized the last decades, and the dramatic financial crisis that has taken place since 2008, have led to a demand for structural changes in the pension sector and a growing interest in individual pension products. Hence the need, for most elderly people, to liquidate their fixed assets, which are usually the homes in which they live. This highlights products such as reverse mortgages and domestic reversibility plans. Within this context, we propose a contractual scheme where an immediate life annuity is obtained by paying a single-premium in the form of real estate rights (RERs), for example by transferring to an insurer the property title of a house or a similar realty, while keeping its usufruct or a restricted bundle of rights. The level of the installments depends on the fair value of the transferred RER at the contract’s issue, the life expectancy of the insured and the expected growth rate of the real estate market value. The contract design is developed by considering the control of the financial risk inherent in the contract itself, because of the prospective changes in the value of the RERs, and the level of the insurer’s leverage. Finally, we provide some numerical evidence of the proposed contractual structure, in order to compare the level of the installments according to the house return forecasts in different European countries.

Suggested Citation

  • V. D’Amato & E. Lorenzo & S. Haberman & M. Sibillo & R. Tizzano, 2021. "Pension schemes versus real estate," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 299(1), pages 797-809, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:annopr:v:299:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10479-019-03241-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s10479-019-03241-y
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10479-019-03241-y
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10479-019-03241-y?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Johnny Siu‐Hang Li & Mary R. Hardy & Ken Seng Tan, 2010. "On Pricing and Hedging the No‐Negative‐Equity Guarantee in Equity Release Mechanisms," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 77(2), pages 499-522, June.
    2. Shao, Adam W. & Hanewald, Katja & Sherris, Michael, 2015. "Reverse mortgage pricing and risk analysis allowing for idiosyncratic house price risk and longevity risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 76-90.
    3. Kathleen Scanlon & Jens Lunde & Christine Whitehead, 2008. "Mortgage Product Innovation in Advanced Economies: More Choice, More Risk," European Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 109-131.
    4. Scanlon, Kathleen & Lunde, Jens & Whitehead, Christine M. E., 2008. "Mortgage product innovation in advanced economies: more choice, more risk," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 29889, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Plat, Richard, 2009. "On stochastic mortality modeling," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 393-404, December.
    6. Chen, Hua & Cox, Samuel H. & Wang, Shaun S., 2010. "Is the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage in the United States sustainable? Evidence from pricing mortgage insurance premiums and non-recourse provisions using the conditional Esscher transform," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 371-384, April.
    7. Daniel Alai & Hua Chen & Daniel Cho & Katja Hanewald & Michael Sherris, 2014. "Developing Equity Release Markets: Risk Analysis for Reverse Mortgages and Home Reversions," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(1), pages 217-241.
    8. Kathleen Scanlon & Jens Lunde & Christine Whitehead, 2008. "Mortgage Product Innovation in Advanced Economies: More Choice, More Risk," International Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 109-131.
    9. Fornero, Elsa & Rossi, Mariacristina & Urzí Brancati, Maria Cesira, 2016. "Explaining why, right or wrong, (Italian) households do not like reverse mortgages," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(2), pages 180-202, April.
    10. Katja Hanewald & Thomas Post & Michael Sherris, 2016. "Portfolio Choice in Retirement—What is The Optimal Home Equity Release Product?," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 83(2), pages 421-446, June.
    11. Makoto Nakajima & Irina A. Telyukova, 2017. "Reverse Mortgage Loans: A Quantitative Analysis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 72(2), pages 911-950, April.
    12. Renshaw, A.E. & Haberman, S., 2006. "A cohort-based extension to the Lee-Carter model for mortality reduction factors," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 556-570, June.
    13. Chinloy, Peter & Cho, Man & Megbolugbe, Isaac F, 1997. "Appraisals, Transaction Incentives, and Smoothing," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 14(1-2), pages 89-111, Jan.-Marc.
    14. Stipica Mudrazija & Barbara A. Butrica, 2017. "Homeownership, Social Insurance, and Old-Age Security in the United States and Europe," Working Papers, Center for Retirement Research at Boston College wp2017-15, Center for Retirement Research.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. de la Fuente, Iván & Navarro, Eliseo & Serna, Gregorio, 2023. "Proposal for calculating regulatory capital requirements for reverse mortgages," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    2. Vaskövi, Ágnes & Jászfi, Evelin, 2023. "Az időskori szegénység és az öngondoskodás összefüggései Európában [Old age poverty and financial awareness in Europe]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 898-923.
    3. Iván de la Fuente & Eliseo Navarro & Gregorio Serna, 2020. "Reverse Mortgage Risks. Time Evolution of VaR in Lump-Sum Solutions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-17, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Emilia Lorenzo & Gabriella Piscopo & Marilena Sibillo & Roberto Tizzano, 2021. "Reverse mortgages through artificial intelligence: new opportunities for the actuaries," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 44(1), pages 23-35, June.
    2. Shao, Adam W. & Chen, Hua & Sherris, Michael, 2019. "To borrow or insure? Long term care costs and the impact of housing," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 15-34.
    3. Tsai, Pei-Hsuan & Wang, Ying-Wei & Chang, Wen-Chang, 2023. "Hybrid MADM-based study of key risk factors in house-for-pension reverse mortgage lending in Taiwan's banking industry," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    4. Ismaël Choinière Crèvecoeur & Pierre-Carl Michaud, 2021. "Low Demand for Reverse Mortgages in Canada: Price, Knowledge or Preferences?," Cahiers de recherche / Working Papers 2107, Chaire de recherche sur les enjeux économiques intergénérationnels / Research Chair in Intergenerational Economics.
    5. Ismael Choinière-Crèvecoeur & Pierre-Carl Michaud, 2023. "Reverse Mortgages and Financial Literacy," CIRANO Working Papers 2023s-06, CIRANO.
    6. Tripti Sharma & Declan French & Donal McKillop, 2022. "Risk and Equity Release Mortgages in the UK," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 64(2), pages 274-297, February.
    7. Shi, Tianxiang & Lee, Yung-Tsung, 2021. "Prepayment risk in reverse mortgages: An intensity-governed surrender model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 68-82.
    8. Blake, David & Cairns, Andrew J.G., 2021. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2019-20 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 395-439.
    9. Badescu, Alexandru & Quaye, Enoch & Tunaru, Radu, 2022. "On non-negative equity guarantee calculations with macroeconomic variables related to house prices," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 119-138.
    10. Hyung-Suk Choi, 2019. "A Numerical Analysis to Study Whether the Early Termination of Reverse Mortgages is Rational," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Yang, Sharon S. & Wang, Chou-Wen, 2013. "Pricing and securitization of multi-country longevity risk with mortality dependence," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 157-169.
    12. Blake, David & El Karoui, Nicole & Loisel, Stéphane & MacMinn, Richard, 2018. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2015–16 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 157-173.
    13. Fuente, Iván de la & Navarro, Eliseo & Serna, Gregorio, 2021. "Estimating regulatory capital requirements for reverse mortgages. An international comparison," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 239-252.
    14. Iván de la Fuente & Eliseo Navarro & Gregorio Serna, 2020. "Reverse Mortgage Risks. Time Evolution of VaR in Lump-Sum Solutions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-17, November.
    15. John Y. Campbell, 2013. "Mortgage Market Design," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 17(1), pages 1-33.
    16. Lee, Yung-Tsung & Wang, Chou-Wen & Huang, Hong-Chih, 2012. "On the valuation of reverse mortgages with regular tenure payments," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 430-441.
    17. Karpestam, Peter & Johansson, Sebastian, 2019. "Interest-only-mortgages and housing market fluctuations in Denmark," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    18. Damen, Sven & Vastmans, Frank & Buyst, Erik, 2016. "The effect of mortgage interest deduction and mortgage characteristics on house prices," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 15-29.
    19. Kwong Koon-Shing & Tse Yiu-Kuen & Chay Junxing, 2021. "A Hybrid Equity Release Plan for Retirement Financing," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 1-24, January.
    20. Ebner, André, 2013. "A micro view on home equity withdrawal and its determinants: Evidence from Dutch households," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 321-337.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:annopr:v:299:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10479-019-03241-y. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.