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Zmiany strukturalne a wydajność pracy w krajach Europy Środkowej

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  • Alina Szewc-Rogalska
  • Tomasz Jakiel

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest określenie natężenia procesów zmian strukturalnych oraz identyfikacja kierunku i zakresu ich oddziaływania na wydajność pracy w krajach Europy Środkowej w latach 1995–2018. Zastosowano metodę shift-share i przeprowadzono analizę tych zależności na poziomie dziewięciu sektorów. W większości badanych krajów duże znaczenie dla wzrostu wydajności pracy miały przesunięcia siły roboczej do sektorów o relatywnie wysokiej wydajności pracy. Największy wpływ zmian strukturalnych na stopę wzrostu wydajności pracy stwierdzono w przypadku gospodarki polskiej, charakteryzującej się relatywnie najniższym poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego spośród badanych krajów. W wybranych krajach Europy Środkowej najwyższa wydajność pracy występowała w sektorze high-tech KIS, natomiast najwyższa dynamika wydajności pracy – zazwyczaj w przemyśle high-tech. Sektory stymulujące wzrost wydajności pracy miały jednak relatywnie mały udział w zatrudnieniu. Z tego względu udział tych sektorów w zagregowanym wzroście wydajności pracy był znacznie mniejszy niż usług o niskim nasyceniu wiedzą czy też przemysłu low-tech.

Suggested Citation

  • Alina Szewc-Rogalska & Tomasz Jakiel, 2021. "Zmiany strukturalne a wydajność pracy w krajach Europy Środkowej," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 63-96.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2021:i:3:p:63-96
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    gospodarka; przekształcenia strukturalne; wydajność pracy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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