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Impacto de la volatilidad del precio internacional del petróleo en los rendimientos accionarios de los principales mercados de América Latina / Impact of International Oil Price Volatility on the Main Latin American Stock Markets Returns

Author

Listed:
  • Rodríguez Benavides, Domingo

    (Departamento de Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco)

  • Venegas Martínez, Francisco

    (Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional)

  • Hoyos Reyes, Luis Fernando

    (Departamento de Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco)

Abstract

En este artículo se examinó el impacto de la volatilidad del precio internacional del petróleo en los rendimientos accionarios de cuatro países importadores y exportadores de petróleo de América Latina. Con este objetivo se estimó un vector autorregresivo estructural con efectos GARCH en media (SVAR-MGARCH-M) con los rendimientos del precio internacional del petróleo y los rendimientos accionarios de cada país, ambos en términos reales. La volatilidad del precio internacional del petróleo se aproximó a través de la desviación estándar condicional del pronóstico del error de un paso delante de las fluctuaciones del precio internacional del petróleo. Los resultados muestran que la volatilidad del petróleo es relevante para los rendimientos accionarios reales de manera inmediata sólo para Colombia. No obstante, en todos los países analizados hay evidencia de efectos asimétricos ante choques positivos y negativos del precio internacional del petróleo. Éstos tienen implicaciones importantes de política económica. Por ejemplo, los inversionistas deben tener claro los vínculos entre la volatilidad del precio del petróleo y los rendimientos accionarios cuando utilizan el petróleo para cubrir y diversificar sus portafolios de inversión, particularmente en economías donde el petróleo es importante para el crecimiento económico. De igual forma, los formuladores de políticas en los países importadores de petróleo deberían alentar a las empresas a mejorar la eficiencia en el uso de la energía y a recurrir a fuentes alternativas para evitar fluctuaciones en los ingresos y en los precios de las acciones. / In this article, the impact of the volatility of the international price of oil in the equity returns of four oil import and export countries in Latin America shall be examined. Bearing this objective in mind, an autoregressive structural vector with GARCH-in-Mean Effects (SVAR-MGARCH-M) was estimated with the returns of the international price of oil and the equity returns of each country, both in real terms. The volatility of the international price of oil was approximated using the error forecast’s conditional standard deviation of the international price of oil’s fluctuations for one step ahead. The results show that the volatility of oil is relevant for the real equity returns in an immediate way only for Colombia. Nevertheless, in all of the countries analyzed, there is evidence of asymmetrical effects to positive and negative crashes of the international price of oil. These have important implications on economical policies. For example, investors have to be aware of the relation between the volatility of the price of oil and the equity returns when they use oil to cover and diversify their investment portfolios, particularly in economies where oil is important for economic growth. Similarly, the policy makers in the countries that import oil should encourage companies to improve energy efficiency and to use alternate sources to avoid fluctuations in the income and the stock prices.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodríguez Benavides, Domingo & Venegas Martínez, Francisco & Hoyos Reyes, Luis Fernando, 2019. "Impacto de la volatilidad del precio internacional del petróleo en los rendimientos accionarios de los principales mercados de América Latina / Impact of International Oil Price Volatility on the Main," Estocástica: finanzas y riesgo, Departamento de Administración de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco, vol. 9(2), pages 129-161, julio-dic.
  • Handle: RePEc:sfr:efruam:v:9:y:2019:i:2:p:129-161
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    Keywords

    precios del petróleo; rendimientos accionarios; volatilidad; modelos GARCH; energía; mercados emergentes / Price of Oil Equity Returns; Volatility; GARCH Models; Energy; Emerging Markets.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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