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Жесткие Бюджетные Ограничения: Теоретические Основы И Проблематика Российских Городов

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Abstract

Цель настоящего исследования - анализ теоретических основ концепции "жестких" бюджетных ограничений и ее применимости к городам Российской Федерации. Выдвинуты следующие исследовательские гипотезы: (1) региональные органы власти России склонны к нестабильности в части единых налоговых нормативов отчисления в городские округа; (2) указанная нестабильность является критерием "жесткости" бюджетных ограничений, который влияет на заинтересованность местных властей (городов) в развитии "подчиненных" территорий; (3) местные бюджеты в России имеют сравнительно низкую налоговую автономию. Для проверки предложенных гипотез в разрезе субъектов РФ за период 2010-2018 гг. были собраны и проанализированы единые нормативы отчислений от федеральных и региональных налогов в бюджеты городских округов; составлен индекс волатильности указанных нормативов, который затем был проанализирован на наличие статистических связей с основными показателями развития малого и среднего предпринимательства (далее - МСП) в регионах. Наши наблюдения показали, что в контексте бюджетного устройства стран ОЭСР местный уровень власти в России имеет сравнительно низкую налоговую автономию, а региональные органы власти нестабильны в части рассматриваемых нормативов, что в целом не соответствует концепции "жестких" бюджетных ограничений. Предположение о статистической связи "жесткости" бюджетных ограничений, выраженной через индекс волатильности нормативов, и названной заинтересованности местных властей (городов), сформированной в виде показателей развития МСП, не подтвердилось, однако это не отменяет необходимости внесения изменений в систему межбюджетных отношений России, предложенных в настоящей работе на средне- и долгосрочную перспективу.

Suggested Citation

  • Бухарский В. В. & Лавров А. М., 2020. "Жесткие Бюджетные Ограничения: Теоретические Основы И Проблематика Российских Городов," Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления // Public administration issues, НИУ ВШЭ, issue 1, pages 7-40.
    • Handle: RePEc:scn:vgmu00:2020:i:1:p:7-40
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