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Роль высокотехнологичных рабочих мест в развитии регионов // The Role of High-Tech Jobs in Regional Development

Author

Listed:
  • A. Ugryumova A.

    (Federal State Budget Research Institution All-Russia Scientific and Research Institute for Irrigation and Farming Water Supply Systems RADUGA)

  • M. Savelyeva V.

    (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA))

  • А. Угрюмова А.

    (ФГБНУ Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт «Радуга»)

  • М. Савельева В.

    (Российская академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы, (РАНХиГС))

Abstract

An essential reserve of the innovative scenario of social and economic development of the regions is the creation, the improvement and the functioning of high-tech jobs (HTJ). Such jobs require clear identification and a special managerial approach for their organization. Simultaneously, these processes in the conditions of different territories need an individual approach. The purposes of the research are to identify the key characteristics of HTJ, to identify the advantages and risks of creating a large number of HTJ for the regions, to identify the main measures to create HTJ. In the study there have been used methods of analysis and synthesis of information, systematic, logical, comparative and economic analysis, expert assessments. It is important to clearly delineate both the components of HTJ and their quantitative measurement. The significance of HTJ is confirmed by their high productivity and in turn requires additional investment to create them. It is especially necessary to direct the processes for the formation of HTJ in high-tech and knowledge-based industries of the national economy, since the creation of HTJ in technologically backward sectors can lead to a low return on investment. The study of dynamics, industry specificity and forms of HTJ organization allows us to generalize positive experience in this area and develop recommendations for stimulating of organization of such jobs. The main criteria for the allocation of high-tech jobs include the use of advanced technologies; high production efficiency (labour productivity); working conditions that meet the strict modern standards; quality education and high qualification of the specialists who work at the workplace; the high wages of such employees; the significant cost of creating a new job and the integration of these jobs into key needs of the territories. These criteria are used to determine indicators and to make a quantitative or qualitative assessment. Threshold values are set for each indicator, confirming or denying the high-tech jobs. Recommendations on stimulating the organization of such jobs are developed based on a study of the dynamics and sectoral specifics of the HTJ. Among them are taking into account the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of modern HTJ; implementation of tax and investment support in connection with the sectoral focus of the processes of formation of HTJ in different regions; current and future monitoring of HTJ in order to control the situation to enhance the socio-economic development of the regions. Существенным резервом инновационного сценария социально-экономического развития регионов является создание, совершенствование и функционирование высокотехнологичных рабочих мест (ВРМ). Такие рабочие места требуют четкой идентификации и особого управленческого подхода к их организации. Одновременно эти процессы в условиях различных территорий нуждаются в индивидуальном подходе. Цели данного исследования — выделить ключевые характеристики ВРМ, выявить преимущества и риски создания большого количества ВРМ для регионов, определить основные меры по созданию ВРМ. При проведении исследования были использованы методы анализа и синтеза информации, системного, логического, сравнительного и экономического анализа, экспертных оценок. В результате было выявлено, что необходимо четко разграничивать как составляющие высокотехнологичных рабочих мест, так и их количественное измерение. Значимость высокотехнологичных рабочих мест подтверждается высокой производительностью и, в свою очередь, требует дополнительных инвестиций по их созданию. Особенно необходимо направлять процессы по формированию высокотехнологичных рабочих мест в высокотехнологичных и наукоемких отраслях национальной экономики, так как их создание в технологически отсталых отраслях может привести к низкой отдаче капиталовложений. Исследование динамики и отраслевой специфики ВРМ позволяет обобщить положительный опыт в этой области и выработать рекомендации по стимулированию организации рабочих мест. Основные критерии выделения высокотехнологических рабочих мест включают: использование передовых технологий; высокую экономическую эффективность производства (производительность труда); условия труда, соответствующие самым строгим современным нормам; качественное образование и высокую квалификацию специалистов, осуществляющих трудовую деятельность на данном рабочем месте; высокую заработную плату таких сотрудников; значительную стоимость создания нового рабочего места, а также интеграцию этих рабочих мест в ключевые потребности территории. По данным критериям определяются показатели и осуществляется количественная или качественная оценка. По каждому показателю устанавливаются пороговые значения, подтверждающие или отрицающие высокотехнологичность рабочего места. На основе исследования динамики и отраслевой специфики ВРМ предложены рекомендации по стимулированию организации рабочих мест. Среди них: учет качественных и количественных характеристик современного ВРМ; реализация налоговой и инвестиционной поддержки в связи с отраслевой направленностью процессов формирования ВРМ в различных регионах; текущий и перспективный мониторинг ВРМ в целях контроля ситуации по активизации социально-экономического развития регионов.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Ugryumova A. & M. Savelyeva V. & А. Угрюмова А. & М. Савельева В., 2019. "Роль высокотехнологичных рабочих мест в развитии регионов // The Role of High-Tech Jobs in Regional Development," Управленческие науки // Management Science, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 9(1), pages 96-112.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:mngsci:y:2019:i:1:p:96-112
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    1. Valeria Cirillo & Marta Fana & Dario Guarascio, 2017. "Labour market reforms in Italy: evaluating the effects of the Jobs Act," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 34(2), pages 211-232, August.
    2. Irina Dezhina, 2014. "Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: Russia’S Place," Russian Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 2, pages 42-45, January.
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