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Clinical Guidelines for Using Two Dichotomous Tests

Author

Listed:
  • John C. Hershey
  • Randall D. Cebul
  • Sankey V. Williams

Abstract

Building on the threshold model developed by Pauker and Kassirer for a single test, the authors describe a decision analytic model for two tests with dichotomous outcomes. The model includes ten decision strategies that differ depending on which tests are performed, whether the tests are performed together or in sequence, and the definition of a positivity criterion used to make the treatment decision when the test results disagree. Formulas derived from the model are used to compute the preferred option as a function of disease probability and to calculate test and test-treatment thresholds. General guidelines developed from the model can be used without calculation to identify relative preferences for alternative options and to predict threshold effects. Key words: decision analytic model; tests with dichotomous outcomes. (Med Decis Making 6:68-78, 1986)

Suggested Citation

  • John C. Hershey & Randall D. Cebul & Sankey V. Williams, 1986. "Clinical Guidelines for Using Two Dichotomous Tests," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 6(2), pages 68-78, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:medema:v:6:y:1986:i:2:p:68-78
    DOI: 10.1177/0272989X8600600203
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John C. Hershey & Robert A. Greene & Randall D. Cebul & Sankey V. Williams, 1986. "Multiple Test Analyzer (MTA)," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 6(2), pages 79-84, June.
    2. David M. Eddy, 1983. "A Mathematical Model for Timing Repeated Medical Tests," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 3(1), pages 45-62, February.
    3. Peter Politser, 1982. "Reliability, Decision Rules, and the Value of Repeated Tests," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 2(1), pages 47-69, February.
    4. Randall D. Cebul, 1984. "'A Look at the Chief Complaints' Revisited," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 4(3), pages 271-283, August.
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    1. Sanjay Jain & Jónas Oddur Jónasson & Jean Pauphilet & Kamalini Ramdas, 2023. "Robust combination testing: methods and application to COVID-19 detection," Economics Series Working Papers 1009, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    2. Davis, Elizabeth B. & Ashton, Robert H., 2002. "Threshold adjustment in response to asymmetric loss functions: The case of auditors' "substantial doubt" thresholds," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 89(2), pages 1082-1099, November.
    3. Shaolin Hu & Yacov Y. Haimes & Robert S. Galen, 1988. "Optimal Selection of a Battery of Tests," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 8(1), pages 19-32, February.
    4. repec:cup:judgdm:v:12:y:2017:i:4:p:344-368 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Peter Deneef, 1987. "Evaluating Rapid Tests for Streptococcal Pharyngitis," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 7(2), pages 92-96, June.
    6. Phillips, Nathaniel D. & Neth, Hansjörg & Woike, Jan K. & Gaissmaier, Wolfgang, 2017. "FFTrees: A toolbox to create, visualize, and evaluate fast-and-frugal decision trees," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 12(4), pages 344-368.
    7. Nathaniel D. Phillips & Hansjörg Neth & Jan K. Woike & Wolfgang Gaissmaier, 2017. "FFTrees: A toolbox to create, visualize, and evaluate fast-and-frugal decision trees," Judgment and Decision Making, Society for Judgment and Decision Making, vol. 12(4), pages 344-368, July.
    8. Frank Noonan & Charles A. Vidich, 1992. "Decision Analysis for Utilizing Hazardous Waste Site Assessments in Real Estate Acquisition," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(2), pages 245-251, June.

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