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Earnings differentials associated with sexual orientation in the Pakistan labour market

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Wahid

    (National University of Modern Languages, Pakistan)

  • Edmund H Mantell

    (Pace University, USA)

  • Oskar Kowalewski

    (IÉSEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Économie Management, France
    Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland)

Abstract

This study addresses the question of whether self-identified LGBT status has some power to explain differences between the earnings of male LGTB workers and their occupational counterpart non-LGBT male workers in the Pakistan labour market. The Pakistan labour market is known to be ‘traditional’ in the sense that its operations and the attitudes of participants reflect the confluence of various sociological, political, religious, cultural and patriarchal systems. However, the quantitative significance, if any, of overt sexual orientation and its correlation with earnings remains unclear. This study addresses that question. We find that employed male workers in our sample who are known to be (or thought by employers to be) members of the LGBT community experience significant earnings disadvantages relative to counterpart heterosexual workers. JEL Code: J71

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Wahid & Edmund H Mantell & Oskar Kowalewski, 2022. "Earnings differentials associated with sexual orientation in the Pakistan labour market," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 33(4), pages 754-765, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:ecolab:v:33:y:2022:i:4:p:754-765
    DOI: 10.1177/10353046221135381
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Sexual orientation; Traditional Labour Market; wage differentials;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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