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African Regional Trade Agreements and Intra-African Trade

Author

Listed:
  • Ngepah, Nicholas

    (University of Johannesburg)

  • Udeagha, Maxwell C.

    (University of Johannesburg)

Abstract

This paper investigates regional trade agreements in Africa by using panel data spanning 1995~2014. Trade creation and diversion effects are assessed through a gravity model estimated using the Eicker–White robust covariance Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood method. This method proves superior to the usual nonlinear least square estimators, especially against heteroscedasticity and data with zero value. The findings suggest that regional trade agreements may enhance trade. The differences in effects can be matched with the effectiveness in implementation by respective member countries. The trade gains of regional trade agreements do not come at the expense of trade with non-members. By controlling for the duration within a regional trade agreement, we also show that a very small but significant share of the benefits occurs over time in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa, Southern African Development Community, Southern African Customs Union, and West African Economic and Monetary Union. Trade benefits seem to decline over time in the East African Community.

Suggested Citation

  • Ngepah, Nicholas & Udeagha, Maxwell C., 2018. "African Regional Trade Agreements and Intra-African Trade," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 33(1), pages 1176-1199.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:integr:0747
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Achuo, Elvis D., 2023. "Resource wealth and the development dilemma in Africa: The role of policy syndromes," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    2. Boniface Ngah Epo & Ronie Bertrand Nguenkwe, 2020. "Information and Communication Technology and Intra-Regional Trade in the Economic Community of West African States: Ambivalent or Complementary?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(2), pages 1397-1412.
    3. Adugna Lemi & Liyan Liu & Ian A. Wright, 2021. "Location choice determinants of Chinese and US firms in Africa: Does spatial interdependence play a role?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(10), pages 2966-2997, October.
    4. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Nicholas Ngepah, 2022. "Disaggregating the environmental effects of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in South Africa: fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 1767-1814, August.
    5. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach, 2023. "Exploring the moderating role of financial development in environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa: fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-52, December.
    6. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach, 2023. "The Role of Fiscal Decentralization in Limiting CO2 Emissions in South Africa," Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 1-30, September.
    7. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach, 2023. "Revisiting the nexus between fiscal decentralization and CO2 emissions in South Africa: fresh policy insights," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-46, December.
    8. Fabien Candau & Geoffroy Guepie & Reine Kouakou, 2018. "In Gravity no Veritas: Dubious Trade Elasticiy and Weak Effects of Regional Trade Agreements in Africa," Working Papers hal-02625930, HAL.
    9. Enoch Kwaw-Nimeson & Ze Tian, 2023. "Institutional Quality, Foreign Direct Investment, and Regional Integration: Empirical Evidence From CEN-SAD," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(1), pages 21582440221, January.
    10. Leudjou, Roland, 2021. "Assessing the impacts of eliminating Non-Tariff Barriers in the framework of the African Continental Free Trade Area on Cameroons economy," Conference papers 330231, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    11. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach, 2023. "The Role of Financial Development in Climate Change Mitigation: Fresh Policy Insights from South Africa," Biophysical Economics and Resource Quality, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-34, March.
    12. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Nicholas Ngepah, 2022. "Dynamic ARDL Simulations Effects of Fiscal Decentralization, Green Technological Innovation, Trade Openness, and Institutional Quality on Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-35, August.
    13. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Edwin Muchapondwa, 2023. "Environmental sustainability in South Africa: Understanding the criticality of economic policy uncertainty, fiscal decentralization, and green innovation," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(3), pages 1638-1651, June.
    14. Ahakwa, Isaac & Xu, Yi & Tackie, Evelyn Agba, 2023. "Greening human capital towards environmental quality in Ghana: Insight from the novel dynamic ARDL simulation approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    15. Habtamu Shiferaw Amogne & Taiji Hagiwara, 2021. "Impact of alternative regional trade arrangements on the Ethiopian economy," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 10(1), pages 1-26, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regional Trade Agreements; Gravity Model; Trade Creation; Trade Diversion; African RTAs; Panel Data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C30 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - General
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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