IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/ecoint/0809.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Achieving Sustainable Economic Growth and Development in Communities across the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Owoye, Oluwole

    (Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, Connecticut, USA)

  • Onafowora, Olugbenga A.

    (Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, USA)

Abstract

This study provides a theoretical analysis of sustainable economic growth and development in different communities across the United States. In this paper, we contend that there are two distinct communities at the citywide or statewide or nationwide levels. In big cities and towns nationwide, the wealthy communities co-exist with the poor-marginalized communities. The main objective of any country, including the United States, is to achieve high employment and sustainable economic growth and development at all levels. Countries worldwide are made up of different communities, therefore, sustainable growth and development would be achievable if policymakers adopt and implement growth policies that bridge the gap between the wealthy and poor-marginalized communities. To analyze this for the United States, we use the Cobb-Douglas-type aggregate production function that assumes technology as knowledge capital – a public good that is nonrival and nonexcludable, and we highlight five important inputs (physical capital, human capital, security/safety, trust, and social capital) that are plausible determinants of the income disparity between and among communities or cities across the United States. We assert that the wealthy communities in the United States tend to invest more in physical capital, human capital, security/safety of lives and properties, entrenched trust, and social capital than the poor-marginalized communities; therefore, these differences could explain the disparity between communities. We argue that it is possible to attain apparent convergence and minimize income inequality in order to achieve sustainable growth and development across communities in the United States if policymakers address these important fundamental causes of the disparity in income. We conclude that the poor-marginalized communities can catch-up with the wealthy communities by intensifying their investment in these relevant factors of production; and that capital can flow from the wealthy to the poor-marginalized communities (or in both directions) if both communities build mutually on trust, security/safety, and social capital. Gli obbiettivi della crescita economica e dello sviluppo sostenibile nelle diverse comunità degli Stati Uniti Questo studio fornisce un’analisi teorica della crescita economica e dello sviluppo sostenibili in differenti comunità degli Stati Uniti. La tesi sostenuta è che ci sono due distinte comunità a livello di città, di paese o di stato. Nelle grandi città di un paese le comunità agiate convivono con quelle povere. L’obiettivo principale di tutti i paesi, compresi gli Stati Uniti, è raggiungere un elevato tasso di occupazione e una crescita economica e uno sviluppo sostenibili a tutti i livelli. Tutti i paesi del mondo sono costituiti da comunità differenti, per questo motivo la crescita e lo sviluppo sostenibili si potrebbero realizzare se i governi adottassero e applicassero politiche di crescita in grado di colmare la distanza tra le comunità ricche e quelle povere. Per effettuare questa analisi negli Stati Uniti utilizziamo la funzione di produzione aggregata Cobb-Douglas, che considera la tecnologia come capitale di conoscenze – un bene pubblico non fruibile e non escludibile – e evidenziamo cinque importanti fattori (capitale fisico, capitale umano, sicurezza, fiducia e capitale sociale) che possono essere considerati determinanti della disparità di reddito tra le comunità o le città degli Stati Uniti. Vi sono evidenze che le comunità abbienti degli Stati Uniti tendono ad investire in capitale fisico, capitale umano, sicurezza delle persone e delle proprietà, radicamento della fiducia e capitale sociale più delle comunità povere ed emarginate. Quindi queste differenze possono spiegare la disparità tra le due comunità. Noi sosteniamo che sarebbe possibile ottenere una rilevante convergenza e minimizzare la diversità di reddito, realizzando così una crescita ed uno sviluppo sostenibili nelle comunità degli Stati Uniti, se i governi riuscissero a rimuovere queste fondamentali cause della disparità di reddito. In conclusione le comunità povere possono tenere il passo con quelle ricche intensificando i loro investimenti nei principali fattori della produzione e il capitale può spostarsi dalle comunità più ricche verso quelle più povere (e viceversa) se entrambe le comunità investono reciprocamente su sicurezza e capitale sociale.

Suggested Citation

  • Owoye, Oluwole & Onafowora, Olugbenga A., 2017. "Achieving Sustainable Economic Growth and Development in Communities across the United States," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 70(3), pages 391-410.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0809
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.iei1946.it/upload/rivista_articoli/allegati/135_owoyeanafricfinalx.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lucas, Robert E, Jr, 1990. "Why Doesn't Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(2), pages 92-96, May.
    2. Robert M. Solow, 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 70(1), pages 65-94.
    3. Rebelo, Sergio, 1991. "Long-Run Policy Analysis and Long-Run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(3), pages 500-521, June.
    4. Ranis, Gustav, 2004. "Human Development and Economic Growth," Center Discussion Papers 28375, Yale University, Economic Growth Center.
    5. Gustav Ranis, 2004. "Human Development and Economic Growth," Working Papers 887, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.
    6. Moretti, Enrico, 2004. "Human capital externalities in cities," Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, in: J. V. Henderson & J. F. Thisse (ed.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 51, pages 2243-2291, Elsevier.
    7. Paul M. Romer, 1994. "The Origins of Endogenous Growth," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(1), pages 3-22, Winter.
    8. Lucas, Robert Jr., 1988. "On the mechanics of economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 3-42, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alejandro Díaz-Bautista, 2003. "Convergence And Economic Growth Considering Human Capital And R&D Spillovers," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 2(2), pages 127-143, Junio 200.
    2. Ruttan, Vernon W., 1998. "Growth Economics And Development Economics: What Should Development Economists Learn (If Anything) From The New Growth Theory?," Bulletins 12972, University of Minnesota, Economic Development Center.
    3. Bennett T. McCallum, 1996. "Neoclassical vs. endogenous growth analysis: an overview," Economic Quarterly, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, issue Fall, pages 41-71.
    4. Alejandro Diaz-Bautista, 2005. "Convergence and Economic Growth considering Human Capital and R&D Spillovers Convergencia y Crecimiento Economico en Mexico considerando al Capital Humano y derrames en Investigacion y Desarrollo," Urban/Regional 0506012, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Nazrul Islam, 2003. "What have We Learnt from the Convergence Debate?," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(3), pages 309-362, July.
    6. Antonio Ciccone & Giovanni Peri & Douglas Almond, "undated". "Capital, Wages, and Growth: Theory and Evidence," Working Papers 152, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    7. Turnovsky, S., 2000. "Growth in an Open Economy: some Recent Developments," Papers 5, Warwick - Development Economics Research Centre.
    8. Schilirò, Daniele, 2006. "Crescita economica, conoscenza e capitale umano. Le teorie e i modelli di crescita endogena di Paul Romer e Robert Lucas [Economic growth, knowledge and human capital. Theories and models of endoge," MPRA Paper 52435, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. repec:ebl:ecbull:v:2:y:2002:i:1:p:1-15 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Singh, Tarlok, 2010. "Does domestic saving cause economic growth? A time-series evidence from India," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 231-253, March.
    11. Durlauf, Steven N. & Quah, Danny T., 1999. "The new empirics of economic growth," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & M. Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 235-308, Elsevier.
    12. Mohammed Shuaibu & Popoola Timothy Oladayo, 2016. "Determinants Of Human Capital Development In Africa: A Panel Data Analysis," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 7(4), pages 523-549, December.
    13. Taylor, Alan M., 1999. "Sources of convergence in the late nineteenth century," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(9), pages 1621-1645, October.
    14. Klenow, Peter J. & Rodriguez-Clare, Andres, 2005. "Externalities and Growth," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 11, pages 817-861, Elsevier.
    15. Kwamie Dunbar, 2009. "Stochastic Business Cycle Volatilities, Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth: Lessons from the Global Credit Market Crisis," Working papers 2009-36, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics.
    16. Osvaldo Lagares, 2016. "Capital, Economic Growth and Relative Income Differences in Latin America," Discussion Papers 16/03, Department of Economics, University of York.
    17. Aykut Kibritçioglu, 2002. "On the Smithian origins of "new" trade and growth theories," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 2(1), pages 1-15.
    18. repec:rre:publsh:v:34:y:2004:i:1:p:72-94 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Bouton, L. & Sumlinski, M.A., 2000. "Trends in Private Investment in Developing Countries. Statistics for 1970-1998," Papers 41, World Bank - International Finance Corporation.
    20. Tung Liu & Kui-Wai Li, 2015. "The Empirics of Economic Growth and Industrialization Using Growth Identity Equation," Working Papers 201501, Ball State University, Department of Economics, revised Jun 2015.
    21. Stojkov, Aleksandar, 2009. "The benefits and risks of financial globalisation: evidence from the European transition economies," SEER Journal for Labour and Social Affairs in Eastern Europe, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 12(3), pages 369-389.
    22. Aribah Aslam, 2020. "The hotly debate of human capital and economic growth: why institutions may matter?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1351-1362, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Sustainable Development; Poor-Marginalized Communities; Physical Capital; Human Capital; Trust; Security; Social Capital;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0809. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Angela Procopio (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cacogit.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.