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Politiques économiques et destructuration industrielle dans les pays développés depuis les années quatre-vingt

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  • Pelagidis, Theodore

    (Center for European Studies, Harvard University)

Abstract

This paper presents and analyzes the economie policies implemented in the industrially developed nations since the early 80's. It also examines the impact of these policies on the industrial structures of the advanced countries. The first section of the paper briefly presents the economic policies applied in most of the advanced nations since the early 80's. The second section evaluates the results of these policies in the light of the evolution of economic indicators such as public spending and consumption, unemployment, private spending, wages and labour costs, welfare state expenditures, money supply and credits in the economies, interest rates... The third section of the paper deals with the impact of monetarism as economic policy, on the industrial structure of the advanced countries, looking in particular at investment rates, productivity, profits, capital formation, finance and flexibility. The evidence presented and analyzed confirms that the economic targets set by the policy makers when these policies were originally implemented, in the early 80's, are not really met. Low growth rates of GDP, high unemployment, high public debts and deficits, low growth of industrial production and last but not least, social discontent and pessimism characterize the advanced industrial economies nowadays. Finally, the paper ends up with the conclusion that the economic policies implemented during the last fifteen years in the developed nations have deteriorated their economic performance, provoking adverse consequences on social cohesion and stability. Cet article analyse, en les évaluant, les politiques économiques en vigueur dans les pays développés du début des années 80 à l’époque actuelle. Il examine en outre les conséquences de ces politiques sur l’industrie et les structures de production de ces pays. Plus précisément, la première partie de l’article présente brièvement les politiques économiques que l’on commence à appliquer dans la presque totalité des pays industriellement développés dès le début des années 80. La deuxième partie opère une confrontation comparative entre les objectifs économiques décidés et les performances des économies dans les années 80 et au début des années 90. La troisième partie étudie les conséquences des recettes monétaristes appliquées sur les structures industrielles (investissements, productivité, profits, formation de capital, flexibilité). On s’attache aussi à montrer ici comment les activités industrielles reculent au profit d’activités lucratives, limitant ainsi l’exploitation productive des possibilités que la technologie de pointe leur offre. On procède à l’analyse des structures industrielles nouvelles qui semblent prévaloir, toujours dans le cadre d’un environnement économique en récession, lequel non seulement persiste, mais paraît s’accompagner d’une rupture inquiétante des toiles sociales cohésives à l’échelle mondiale. Enfin, à la lumière de l’image de l’évolution parallèle des structures économiques et des structures industrielles dans les années qui viennent de s’écouler, universellement dominées par le néolibéralisme et la politique économique monétariste, la conclusion évalue la situation actuelle et les perspectives de l’économie internationale.

Suggested Citation

  • Pelagidis, Theodore, 1996. "Politiques économiques et destructuration industrielle dans les pays développés depuis les années quatre-vingt," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 72(1), pages 79-97, mars.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:72:y:1996:i:1:p:79-97
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Harrison, Bennett & Bluestone, Barry, 1990. "Wage Polarisation in the U.S. and the 'Flexibility' Debate," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 14(3), pages 351-373, September.
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