El tratamiento de las actividades de turismo activo en los instrumentos de planificación ambiental de los parques naturales andaluces

RESUMEN: Para ello se han analizado los documentos vigentes de los Planes de Ordenación de Recursos Naturales (PORN), los Planes Rectores de Uso y Gestión (PRUG) y los Programas de Uso Público (PUP), especialmente los capítulos de zonificación, normativa y regulación de actividades y del uso público, con el fin de valorar de qué forma se regulan los deportes de naturaleza y el turismo activo en cada parque natural. En este trabajo se ponen de manifiesto finalmente algunas deficiencias, vacíos legales y disfuncionalidades en el tratamiento y ordenación de estas actividades y se proponen algunas actuaciones de mejora. ABSTRACT: In this paper is studied the problem of the management and regulatory treatment of physical and sports activities in nature and tourist-recreational component in the natural parks of Andalusia, carrying out a critical analysis of the environmental planning applied to date to assess its impact on the development of practical nature sports in Natural Parks and check your level of fitness and functionality. In this regard, the necessary guidance to the integral sustainability of these protected areas requires planning tools ordered, regulated and properly managed nature sports that make up what we call in Spain as " active tourism " ("tourisme sportif de nature" in francophone literature or "nature sport tourism” and "outdoors sports” in anglo-saxon bibliography), whose major development in recent decades is representing the appearance of environmental impacts, land use conflicts and problems, particularly in the field of natural parks, which are the territory support and living environment most requested by practitioners of these activities and the companies and agents that offer commercially . The analysis reveals not finally realized few gaps and loopholes in current planning and environmental management as well as shortcomings, contradictions and difficulties of practical applicability. It is therefore crucial decisions to develop tools, instruments and management techniques and planning more in line with the necessary compatibility between growing demand and implementation of these activities, the socio-economic revitalization and enhancement of tourist-recreational natural resources is necessary idle and the essential objectives of conservation of natural heritage and biodiversity and environmental sustainability. In this sense, are missing in this work thorough studies of environmental impact of these activities - still poorly known by the managers of the natural parks - and capacity of tourist recreational loading spaces , environments and land resources that support to them, in order to implement more thoughtful actions, reasoned and weighted planning and management, rather than easy and thoughtless prohibition of uses for real ignorance of its implications in natural areas and their characteristics caseloads and embodiment. The spacial perspective in these areas and particularly in the mountain , there has always been considered effectively in setting the rules , despite the important environmental , geographic variability of casuistry embodiment and even subtypologies outdoor sports that can be found , which strikes a different recreational capacity and susceptibility and environmental impacts .