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Pauvretés d'existence, monétaire et subjective. Facteurs de persistance et corrélations sur données de panel

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  • Stéfan Lollivier
  • Daniel Verger

Abstract

[eng] Living-conditions poverty, resources poverty, and subjective poverty: persistency and correlations on panel data. . The usual definition of poverty based on the current monetary income is a drastic reduction of a more complicated notion. Having a low income during a single year is not equivalent to get low resources during a long time. So, the monetary approach has to be enlarged with an evaluation of living conditions and the taking into account of difficulties encountered to reach the budget equilibrium. However, on cross section data, variables representing the three descriptions of the poverty are lowly correlated. The intersection of the three sets of poor people is very narrow (less than 2 % of the population). The consequence is that poverty coud not be represented as unidimensional. Nevertheless, such a conclusion is surprising since the three kinds of poverty reflect quite the same idea of a shortage of resources. Panel data clear this contradiction. They allow a more precise distinction between transitory perturbations or measurement errors disturbing the observation and real differences between households. A stronger correlation between the three kinds of poverty can be proved after the implementation of a tridimensional probit model. [fre] Pauvretés d'existence, monétaire et subjective. Facteurs de persistance et corrélations sur données de panel. . Définir, comme souvent, la pauvreté à partir des seules ressources monétaires instantanées ne fournit qu'un éclairage partiel de ce phénomène complexe : il n'est pas équivalent d'avoir un faible revenu une année donnée et d'avoir durablement un bas niveau de vie L'approche monétaire est utilement complétée par une évaluation des conditions de vie et par la prise en compte des problèmes rencontrés pour atteindre à l'équilibre budgétaire (Lollivier, Verger [1998]). En coupe instantanée, les indicateurs liés à ces trois approches de la pauvreté apparaissent si faiblement corrélés, et les populations pauvres qu'ils permettent d'isoler présentent une intersection si réduite (moins de 2 % des ménages), que le phénomène pauvreté en paraît nettement multidimensionnel, ce qui peut surprendre, les trois for­mes de pauvreté analysées relevant toutes peu ou prou d'un même manque de ressources au sens large. Le suivi temporel permet de faire la part entre ce qui est dû à des phénomènes transitoires ou à des erreurs de mesure venant perturber les observations et ce qui traduit une différence réelle, persistante, entre les trois concepts. La mise en œuvre d'un modèle qualitatif tridimensionnel sur données de panel permet de rétablir une plus forte interaction entre les trois aspects de la pauvreté, qui restent toutefois irréductibles les uns aux autres.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéfan Lollivier & Daniel Verger, 1999. "Pauvretés d'existence, monétaire et subjective. Facteurs de persistance et corrélations sur données de panel," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 50(3), pages 431-450.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1999_num_50_3_410088
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    Cited by:

    1. Grimm, Michael & GuEnard, Charlotte & MesplE-Somps, Sandrine, 2002. "What has Happened to the Urban Population in Cote d'Ivoire Since the 1980s? An Analysis of Monetary Poverty and Deprivation Over 15 Years of Household Data," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 1073-1095, June.
    2. Dominique Ansieau & Pascale Breuil-Genier & Jean-Michel Hourriez, 2001. "Le Panel européen : une source statistique longitudinale sur les revenus et les conditions de vie des ménages," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 349(1), pages 3-15.
    3. Madior Fall & Daniel Verger, 2005. "Pauvreté relative et conditions de vie en France," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 383(1), pages 91-107.
    4. Nicaise MISANGUMUKINI, 2016. "Les Déterminants De La Perception Subjective De La Pauvreté Parmi Les Chefs De Ménage Objectivement Non-Pauvres Au Mali," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 44, pages 103-120.
    5. Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2005. "Les multiples facettes de la pauvreté dans un pays en développement. Le cas de la capitale malgache," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 383(1), pages 131-155.

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