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L'évolution des salaires en France au cours des vingt dernières années

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  • Michel Aglietta

Abstract

[fre] Le rôle prépondérant joué par les salaires dans la vie économique est souligné presque quotidiennement. Il est reflété dans les instruments des prévisionnistes qui font de l'évolution des salaires l'une des variables-clés de leurs modèles. Attachés à l'étude de la déformation de l'équilibre macro-économique, les prévisionnistes s'intéressent essentiellement à l'analyse du déséquilibre global sur le marché du travail. Ils décrivent par conséquent les fluctuations du taux de salaire autour d'une tendance, non explicitée, supposée représentative d'une évolution « naturelle » ou d'un rapport de forces.. Ce faisant, ils n'analysent pas les conditions de validité de leur relation d'arbitrage et courent le risque de ne pas en apercevoir l'instabilité. Pour développer cette analyse, il faut concevoir le salaire comme une forme économique qui soit le concept d'un rapport social historiquement situé. Ce concept met l'accent sur la dépendance de la force de travail, au niveau de la société tout entière, vis-à-vis du capital qui meut la production. Par conséquent, la structure du marché du travail elle-même est profondément affectée par les transformations qui bouleversent les modes de mise en valeur du capital, et en particulier, depuis la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale par le rôle de l'Etat dans le processus d'accumulation. La mise en évidence de ces liaisons requiert l'analyse historique. A travers l'amorce qui en est faite dans cette étude, on peut apercevoir que depuis vingt ans un changement profond est intervenu dans les modes de détermination des salaires. Ce changement, approximativement situé autour de 1958-1959, délimite deux sous-périodes à l'intérieur desquelles les relations apparentes d'arbitrage sur le marché du travail sont fort différentes. [eng] The preponderant part of wages in economy can be seen almost every day. It is reflected in the most forecasting models in which the evolution of wages is a key variable. Dealing with the fluctuations of the macro-economie equilibrium, these models contain essentially an analysis of the influence of unemployment on an homogenous labor market. Therefore they describe the changes of the rate of wages around an uninterpreted trend, supposed to stand for some « natural » évolution or some antagonistic relationship between powers.. Doing so, economists do not analyze carefully in what extent their relation of arbitration is valid, and they are subject to not appraise its unstability. In order to carry on this analysis, we must understand that the concept of wages is the phenomenal form of a social relationship rooted in the history of the mode of production. This concept emphasizes the dependency of the whole social labour force on the capital steering the production. Therefore the structure of the labour market itself is strongly determined by the alterations which have occured in the methods of capital utilization since the end of the second world war and especially by the part played by the State in the accumulation process. The display of these relationships requires historical analysis. Starting this work, the study thereunder shows that plain change has happened in the mechanism of wages determination for twenty years. This change which took place approxi- matively in 1958-1959, fixes boundaries between two stages each of them providing with a visible relationship on the labour market different from the other.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Aglietta, 1971. "L'évolution des salaires en France au cours des vingt dernières années," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(1), pages 69-117.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1971_num_22_1_407957
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1971.407957
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1971.407957
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Christian Morrisson, 1982. "Inflation, wages and income distribution in manufacturing industry: France, 1969–1976," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 118(2), pages 241-258, June.
    2. Christian Morrisson, 1982. "Inflation, salaires et répartition dans l'industrie française (1969-1976)," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 33(2), pages 274-296.
    3. Robert Boyer, 1978. "Les salaires en longue période," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 103(1), pages 27-57.
    4. Michel Gaspard & Diana Lécuyer, 1980. "Le modèle Das : un instrument d'analyse de la dynamique des salaires annuels," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 45(1), pages 3-44.

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