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La BCE : quel(s) scénario(s) de sortie de crise ?

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  • Christian Bordes
  • Laurent Clerc

Abstract

[eng] The ECB : What Crisis Exit Scenario(s) ? . This article examines the exit strategy, which in the ECB’s terminology is to be understood as the unwinding of the various non-standard measures decided independently of the interest rate policy stance. We study the different possible scenarios depending on whether the continuation of non-standard measures or the crisis exit coincide with the extension of an accommodative interest rate policy or a change in its stance. We show that the action of the ECB since the end of 2009 corresponds to a succession of two of these scenarios, first with the unwinding of the so-called “ enhanced credit support policy” followed by a monetary policy status quo. However, the emergence of the sovereign debt crisis in the euro area forced the ECB to change tactics, with the implementation of the Securities market programme (SMP) followed, a little later, by the raising of key rates. The current situation remains tense with, on the one hand, banking systems that are still very dependent on the Eurosystem for their refinancing and, on the other, governments that are faced with difficult fiscal positions. This situation illustrates the difficult trade-off between the risk of a premature exit and that of exiting exceptional measures too late, against the backdrop of a financial crisis that has now lasted since the summer of 2007. . Classification JEL : E43, F34, G01. [fre] Dans cet article, nous examinons la stratégie de sortie de crise, qui correspond dans la terminologie de la BCE à l’abandon des mesures non conventionnelles décidé indépendamment de l’orientation donnée à la politique de taux d’intérêt. Nous étudions les différents scénarios envisageables selon que le maintien de mesures non conventionnelles ou la sortie de crise coïncident avec la prolongation d’une politique de taux accommodante ou avec un changement de son orientation. Nous montrons que l’action de la BCE depuis la fin 2009 correspond à l’enchaînement de deux de ces scénarios, avec dans un premier temps une sortie de la politique dite de «de soutien renforcé du crédit » accompagnée d’un statu quo de la politique monétaire. Toutefois le déclenchement de la crise souveraine dans la zone euro a contraint la BCE à changer de tactique, avec l’entrée en vigueur du programme d’achat de titres (SMP) accompagné, un peu plus tard, d’un relèvement des taux directeurs. La situation actuelle reste tendue, avec d’une part des systèmes bancaires qui restent très dépendants de l’Eurosystème pour leur refinancement et des États confrontés à une situation budgétaire difficile. Cette situation illustre le difficile arbitrage entre le risque d’une sortie trop rapide et celui d’une sortie trop tardive de dispositifs exceptionnels dans une situation de crise financière qui dure depuis l’été 2007. . Classification JEL : E43, F34, G01.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Bordes & Laurent Clerc, 2011. "La BCE : quel(s) scénario(s) de sortie de crise ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 103(3), pages 117-144.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_2011_num_103_3_5874
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    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises

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