L'Industrie italienne de locomotives, reflet d'une industrialisation tardive et difficile (1850-1914)
Abstract
[eng] Abstract : The paper examines how Italy has been successful in developing a particular industry : the steam locomotive industry. Until the early 1880s, the peninsola had to import successively locomotives from Great Britain (1850-1860) France (1860-1875) and Germany (1875-1885). The pioneer enterprises of Italy - Ansaldo and Stabilimento di Pietrarsa - could not product on large scale. But, during the period 1885-1905- the italian production took off thanks to several factors : the signature of the railway conventions in 1885 ; the intervention of the commercial banks created in 1894 (Banca Commerciale Italiana, Credito Italiano) ; the increase of the domestic market and the training of the unskilled manpower. New firms have been founded (Breda ; Costruzioni Meccaniche di Saronno ; Officine Meccaniche di Milano) and, before 1914, the national production was able to supply all locomotives to the State's railway administration. This take off could have been more important if protectionism «a rovescio» - protectionism that taxed more semimanufactured products than machinery - had not been adopted in 1887. [fre] Résumé : Cette communication a pour but de montrer comment l'Italie a réussi à développer une industrie bien particulière : l'industrie des locomotives. Jusqu'au début des années 1880, la péninsule dut faire appel successivement aux industriels britanniques (1850-1860) français (1860-1875) et allemands (1875-1885). Les deux entreprises pionnières - Ansaldo et les Etablissements de Pietrarsa - ne purent jouer qu'un rôle limité. Cependant, au cours de la période 1885-1905, l'Italie a vu sa production se développer sur une large échelle grâce à la conjonction de plusieurs facteurs : la signature des conventions ferroviaires de 1885 ; l'intervention des deux banques mixtes crées en 1894 (Banca Commerciale Itali ana Credito Italiano), l'accroissement de la demande intérieure et la formation de la main d'oeuvre. De nouvelles sociétés de construction sont apparues (Breda, Costruzioni Meccaniche di Saronno, Officine Meccaniche di Milano) et, à la veille de 1914, la production nationale couvrait les besoins des Ferrovie dello Stato. Cet essor aurait pu être plus important encore si le protectionisme «a rovescio» - protectionisme qui taxait davantage les produits semi-finis que les machines - n'avait pas été adopté en 1887.Download Info
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Article provided by Programme National Persée in its journal Histoire, économie et société.
Volume (Year): 8 (1989)
Issue (Month): 3 ()
Pages: 335-370
Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1989.1530
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Web page: http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/revue/hes
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