IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/ecstat/estat_0336-1454_1991_num_246_1_6290.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

L'unification allemande, un an après

Author

Listed:
  • Éric Chaney
  • Laurent Kenigswald
  • Luc Véron

Abstract

[fre] Entre la chute du mur de Berlin et l'Union économique, monétaire et sociale entre les deux Etats allemands du 1er juillet 1990, les événements ont pris de vitesse le débat et la réflexion économique. Les risques d'une intégration sans transition, avec un taux de conversion du Mark Est favorable aux salariés de l'Est avaient toutefois été cernés : déclassement important de l'appareil productif des anciens "Kombinat", rapide montée du chômage et lourde ponction sur les finances publiques fédérales. . Un an après l'union monétaire et neuf mois après l'adhésion de la RDA à l'Allemagne fédérale, il apparaît que l'ampleur de rajustement avait été sous-estimée, tant étaient incertaines les données économiques sur la RDA, . et difficilement quantifiables les comportements des agents. Les premiers chiffres ont mis en évidence l'état de faillite de l'industrie de l'Est et, dans le même temps, la rapidité du rattrapage des salaires par rapport à leur niveau de l'Ouest. . Ces données ont contribué à relancer le débat économique. Désormais, celui-ci porte essentiellement sur le comportement des agents, et sur l'allocation des transferts publics vers les nouveaux Lânder et leur efficacité dans le processus d'ajustement. En simplifiant à l'extrême, faut- il, au-delà des inévitables transferts destinés à soutenir le niveau de vie des ménages, subventionner l'investissement ou l'emploi ? [spa] La unificación alemana un año después - Desde la caída del muro de Berlin y la Union económica, monetaria y social entres los dos Estados alemanas del 1 de julio de 1990, los acontecimientos ganan por la mano el debate y la reflexion económica. Los riesgos de una integración sin transición, con una tasa de conversion del Marco del Este favorable a los asalariados del Este habian sido previstos : cambio importante de posición del aparato productivo de los antiguos "Kombinat", rápido incremento de la desocupación e importante sangria en las finanzas públicas federales. . Un año después de la union monetaria y nueve meses después de la adhesion de la República Democrática a Alemania Federal, se observa que la amplitud del ajuste había sido subestimada por lo inciertos que eran los datos económicos sobre la República Democrática de Alemania y lo dificilmente cuantificables los comportamientos de los agentes. Las primeras cifras pusieron en evidencia el estado de quiebra de la industria del este y al mismo tiempo la rapidez de la recuperación de los salarios con relación al nivel de los del Oeste. . Estos datos contribuyeron a reactivar el debate económico. De ahora en adelante, este ultimo se centra, esencialmente, sobre el comportamiento de los agentes y sobre la asignación de transferencias públicas hacia los nuevos Lander y su eficacidad en los procesos de ajuste. Simplificando al extremo, más allá de las inevitables transferencias destinadas a sostener el nivel de vida de los hogares, se debe acaso subvencionar la inversion o el empleo ? [eng] German Unification: A Year After - Between the fall of the Berlin wall and economic, monetary and social union between the two German states on July the 1 st, 1 990, events have gone faster than the debate and thoughts about the economy. The risks of integration without a transition, with an exchange rate for the eastern mark favourable to East German wageearners, had, however, been assessed: it would involve a considerable downgrading of the productive equipment of old "Kombinats", unemployment and, as a result, would heavily tax federal public finances. . A yeart after the monetary union and nine months after the German Democratic Republic joined Federal Germany, it seems that the scope of the adjustment had been . restimated, because economic data on the GDR were unreliable, and behaviour of private agents was very difficult to quantity. The first figures revealed the bankrupt condition of industries in the East and, at the same time, the speed with which salaries are catching up with standards in the West. . These figures helped revive the economic debate. It now concerns essentially behaviour of private agents, the allocation of public transfers to the new Lander and their efficiency in the adjustment process. In other simplified terms, the question is to determine if it is necessary to subsidize investment or employment, beyond unavoidable transfers aimed at supporting the standard of living of households.

Suggested Citation

  • Éric Chaney & Laurent Kenigswald & Luc Véron, 1991. "L'unification allemande, un an après," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 246(1), pages 11-28.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1991_num_246_1_6290
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1991.6290
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1991.6290
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1991.6290
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_1991_num_246_1_6290
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/estat.1991.6290?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jean-Philippe Cotis & Sabine Schimel, 1990. "Les conséquences économiques de l'unification allemande : quelques scénarios exploratoires," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 96(5), pages 1-19.
    2. Siebert, Horst, 1991. "German unification: the economics of transition," Kiel Working Papers 468, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    3. Jean-Pierre Broclawski & Laurent Kenigswald, 1990. "Allemagne : année zéro," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 232(1), pages 25-32.
    4. Siebert, Horst, 1990. "The economic integration of Germany – An update," Kiel Discussion Papers 160a, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    5. Siebert, Horst, 1990. "The economic integration of Germany," Kiel Discussion Papers 160, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Siebert, Horst & Schmieding, Holger & Nunnenkamp, Peter, 1991. "The transformation of a socialist economy: lessons of German unification," Kiel Working Papers 469, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    2. Nunnenkamp Peter, 1992. "Die wirtschaftspolitischen Herausforderungen der Umwandlung der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft," Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 41(1), pages 51-70, January.
    3. Siebert, Horst, 1991. "Die Integration Osteuropas in die Weltwirtschaft," Kiel Working Papers 491, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    4. Siebert, Horst, 1992. "Real adjustment in the transformation process: Risk factors in East Germany," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 1915, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    5. Lehment, Harmen, 1991. "Internationale Auswirkungen der deutschen Währungs-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialunion," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 2005, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    6. Schmidt, Klaus-Dieter & Naujoks, Petra, 1993. "De-industrialization or re-industrialization? On the future of the Eastern German economy," Kiel Working Papers 576, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    7. Franz, Wolfgang, 1991. "Im Jahr danach: Bestandsaufnahme und Analyse der Arbeitsmarktentwicklung in Ostdeutschland," Discussion Papers, Series II 159, University of Konstanz, Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 178 "Internationalization of the Economy".
    8. Michael C. Burda, 1990. "Les conséquences de l'union économique et monétaire de l'Allemagne," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 34(1), pages 215-238.
    9. Siebert, Horst & Schmieding, Holger, 1990. "Restructuring industry in the GDR," Kiel Working Papers 431, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    10. Schmieding, Holger, 1991. "Die ostdeutsche Wirtschaftskrise: Ursachen und Lösungsstrategien. Anmerkungen im Lichte der westdeutschen Erfahrungen von 1948 und des polnischen Beispiels von 1990," Kiel Working Papers 461, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    11. Foders, Federico, 1990. "Helgolands Wirtschaft am Scheideweg," Kiel Working Papers 434, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    12. Ufuk Akcigit & Harun Alp & André Diegmann & Nicolas Serrano-Velarde, 2023. "Committing to Grow: Privatizations and Firm Dynamics in East Germany," Working Papers 685, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    13. Schmidt, Klaus-Dieter, 1996. "German unification: A progress report," Kiel Working Papers 722, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    14. Sascha O. Becker & Lukas Mergele & Ludger Woessmann, 2020. "The Separation and Reunification of Germany: Rethinking a Natural Experiment Interpretation of the Enduring Effects of Communism," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 34(2), pages 143-171, Spring.
    15. Siebert, Horst, 1993. "German unification and its impact on net savings," Kiel Discussion Papers 216, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    16. Siebert, Horst, 1992. "Die reale Anpassung bei der Transformation einer Planwirtschaft," Kiel Working Papers 500, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    17. Hans-Werner Sinn, 1991. "Macroeconomic Aspects of German Unification," NBER Working Papers 3596, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    18. Siebert, Horst & Klodt, Henning, 1991. "Qualifizierungsgutscheine: Eintrittskarten in den Arbeitsmarkt," Kiel Discussion Papers 175, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    19. Steven Brakman & Harry Garretsen & Marc Schramm, 2000. "The Empirical Relevance of the New Economic Geography: Testing for a Spatial Wage Structure in Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series 395, CESifo.
    20. Andrea Boltho & Wendy Carlin & Pasquale Scaramozzino, 1999. "Will East Germany become a new Mezzogiorno?," Chapters, in: John Adams & Francesco Pigliaru (ed.), Economic Growth and Change, chapter 13, Edward Elgar Publishing.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1991_num_246_1_6290. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/estat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.