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La crise a freiné la mobilité sectorielle

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  • Michel Cézard
  • Daniel Rault

Abstract

[spa] Antes de 1974, el desempleo de larga duración era prâcticamente desconocido, cuando el 40 % de los desocupados de marzo de 1 984 ya lo eran un aho atrâs. Los jóvenes difieren la bûsqueda de su primer empleo y tardan mucho en conseguir un puesto de trabajo estable. Las mujeres que ingresaron en la vida activa se dan de baja con menor frecuencia que antes. Bajo el efecto de reestructuraciones y de despidos, la crisis hubiere podido acarrear un incremento de la movilidad sectorial. Tal no es el caso. Por lo contrario, a partir de 1977, los asalariados con menor frecuencia de sector de actividad porque las empresas han ido ralentizando sus contratas. Existla un descarte en las formas de gestion de la fuerza laboral entre sectores « ampa- rados » y sectores mâs « abiertos ». Este descarte se ha ido ampliando. La rotación de fuerza laboral se mantuvo en las industrias ligeras y en el terciario privado, en especial porque los despidos se fueron incrementando. A la inversa, en la industria y en el terciario estatuto, los asalariados con puestos de trabajo siguen beneficiandose de una gran estabilidad; mas las contratas en estas actividades son dificiles de conseguir. [eng] Before 1 974, long term unemployment was almost unknown, while 40 % of the unemployed workers in March, 1 984 were already unemployed one year earlier. Young people put off looking for their first job and they take a long time to find stable employment. Women who have entered active life leave it much less often than in the past. Influenced by restructuring and lay-offs, the crisis could have led to an increase of mobility among sectors. This has not been the case. On the contrary, in 1 977, wage-earners started changing their sector of activity less often, in particular because companies has been slowing down their hiring. A divergence has always existed in the mode of labor management between « protected » sectors and more « open » sectors. This divergence has become more pronounced. The rotation of the total number of workers has continued in the light industries and in the private tertiary sector, notably because lay-offs have increased. Conversely, in the heavy industries and the public tertiary sector, wage-earners with jobs continue to benefit from a great stability, but entry into these activities has become more difficult. [fre] Avant 1974, le chômage de longue durée était pratiquement inconnu, alors que 40% des chômeurs de mars 1 984 l'étaient déjà un an plus tôt. Les jeunes retardent la recherche de leur premier emploi, et ils mettent longtemps à trouver un emploi stable. Les femmes entrées dans la vie active la quittent beaucoup moins souvent que par le passé. Sous l'effet des restructurations et des licenciements, la crise aurait pu conduire à un accroissement de la mobilité sectorielle. Ce n'est pas le cas. Au contraire, à partir de 1 977, les salariés changent moins souvent de secteur d'activité, en particulier parce que les entreprises ont ralenti leur embauche. Un écart existait, dans les modes de gestion de la main-d'œuvre, entre secteurs « protégés » et secteurs plus « ouverts ». Cet écart s'est élargi. La rotation des effectifs s'est maintenue dans les industries légères et le tertiaire privé, notamment parce que les mises en chômage se sont accrues. A l'inverse, dans les industries lourdes et le tertiaire à statut, les salariés en place continuent à bénéficier d'une grande stabilité; mais entrer dans ces activités est devenu plus difficile.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Cézard & Daniel Rault, 1986. "La crise a freiné la mobilité sectorielle," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 184(1), pages 41-62.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1986_num_184_1_2419
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1986.2419
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1986.2419
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    Cited by:

    1. Jean-Pierre Jaslin & Jocelyne Loos & Michel Forse, 1988. "Du dualisme à la flexibilité du travail," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 23(1), pages 105-122.
    2. Sylvie Le Minez, 2002. "Topographie des secteurs d'activité à partir des flux de mobilité intersectorielle des salariés," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 354(1), pages 49-83.
    3. Florence Audier, 1988. "Les recrutements des entreprises depuis quinze ans," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 216(1), pages 43-49.

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