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Des 40 heures aux 39 heures : processus et réactions des entreprises

Author

Listed:
  • Olivier Marchand
  • Daniel Rault
  • Etienne Turpin

Abstract

[spa] De las cuarenta horas a las treinta-y-nueve horas: proceso y reacciones empresariales - Para evaluar los efectos de la aminoración de la duración de la jornada laboral, intevenida en enero de 1982, era preciso interrogar a los empresarios. El INSEE lo llevó a cabo en septiembre-octubre. Según las respuestas obtenidas, los puestos de trabajo que se crearon fueron poco numerosos. Las empresas industriales, en especial, contrataron tan solo con objeto de conseguir ganancias de productividad duraderas. Se percibieron unas tensiones en la producción. Las empresas han aplicado hasta cierto punto las nuevas medidas, las que les permiten mayor flexibilidad en la gestión de los horarios. No obstante, ha de tenerse en cuenta al interpretar estas reacciones, el marco institucional en el cual se operó la aminoración de la duración de la jornada laboral, asi como la situación coyuntural en el momento en que acaeció. [fre] Pour apprécier les effets de la réduction de la durée du travail intervenue en janvier 1982, il fallait interroger les entreprises. C'est ce qu'a fait l'INSEE en septembre- octobre. Selon les réponses obtenues, les emplois créés ont été assez peu nombreux. En particulier, les entreprises industrielles n'ont embauché qu'à la condition d'obtenir des gains de productivité durables. Des tensions ont été perçues sur la production. Les entreprises ont, dans une large mesure, aussitôt utilisé les nouvelles mesures leur permettant une plus grande souplesse dans la gestion des horaires. Toutefois, l'interprétation de ces réactions doit tenir compte du cadre institutionnel dans lequel s'est opérée la réduction de la durée du travail, et de la situation conjoncturelle au moment où elle s'est produite. [eng] From 40 to 39 Hours : the Process and Reactions in Firms - In order to evaluate the effects of the reduction in the working week which was introduced in January, 1982, it was necessary to survey firms. This was done by the INSEE in September-October. According the replies obtained, the number of jobs created by the measure was relatively small. In particular, industrial firms only hired when they were certain of obtaining lasting gains in productivity. Tension was observed in the area of production. To a great extent, firms immediately used the new measures to provide greater flexibility in the managing of schedules. However, the interpretation of these reactions should take into account the institutional framework in which the reduction in the working week was carried out and the economic situation prevailing at the moment when this decision was implemented.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Marchand & Daniel Rault & Etienne Turpin, 1983. "Des 40 heures aux 39 heures : processus et réactions des entreprises," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 154(1), pages 3-15.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1983_num_154_1_4736
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1983.4736
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1983.4736
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    1. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/1646 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/1646 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Emmanuel Raoul & Jean-Pierre Caffet & Pierre Joly & Bertrand Piens & Suzanne Thave, 1983. "Les voies étroites d'une stratégie pour l'emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 156(1), pages 47-59.
    4. Bruno Crépon & Francis Kramarz, 1999. "Working 40 hours or Not-Working 39 : Lessons from the 1981 Mandatory Reduction of Weekly Working Hours," Working Papers 99-12, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    5. Jean-François Colin & Mireille Elbaum & Alain Fonteneau, 1984. "Chômage et politique de l'emploi 1981-1983," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 7(1), pages 95-122.
    6. Bruno Crepon & Francis Kramarz, 2002. "Employed 40 Hours or Not Employed 39: Lessons from the 1982 Mandatory Reduction of the Workweek," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 110(6), pages 1355-1389, December.
    7. Éric Heyer & Xavier Timbeau, 2000. "35 heures : réduction réduite," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 74(1), pages 53-95.
    8. Ronald DeBeaumont & Larry D. Singell, 1999. "The Return to Hours and Workers in U.S. Manufacturing: Evidence on Aggregation Bias," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 66(2), pages 336-352, October.
    9. Danielle Bourlange & Gilbert Cette & Gérard Kremer & Dominique Taddei, 1990. "Les principales relations entre les degrés d'utilisation des facteurs de production," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 231(1), pages 71-88.
    10. Cédric Afsa & Olivier Marchand, 1990. "Durée du travail : uniformisation ou éclatement ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 231(1), pages 7-18.
    11. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1646 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Olivier Marchand, 1984. "L'emploi en 1982-1983 : simple répit dans la divergence entre demande et offre," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 166(1), pages 25-38.
    13. Chang, Juin-jen & Huang, Chun-chieh & Lai, Ching-chong, 2007. "Working hours reduction and wage contracting style in a dynamic model with labor adjustment costs," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 971-993, March.

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