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Trauma related psychiatric disorders and their correlates in a clinical sample: A cross-sectional study in trauma affected patients visiting a psychiatric clinic in Nepal

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  • Rishav Koirala
  • Erik Ganesh Iyer Søegaard
  • Saroj Prasad Ojha
  • Edvard Hauff
  • Suraj B Thapa

Abstract

Background: Nepal, like many other low-income countries, has a great burden of mental health issues but few resources to meet them. In addition, Nepal has endured several traumatic events in recent decades but the impact on mental health has not been studied in clinical settings. This study explores trauma-related psychiatric disorders and their correlates. Methods: 100 patients with a history of trauma who visited the outpatient psychiatry clinic at a University hospital in Kathmandu were assessed. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1 (CIDI) was used to evaluate lifetime and current depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Current PTSD was evaluated using PSTD Checklist—Civilian Version (PCL-C). Results: The median number of lifetime traumatic events was two. Natural disaster was the most common trauma type (84%) compared to other types of trauma. Rape was reported as the most traumatizing. Current PTSD was found in 15%, depression in 33% and GAD in 38% of the patients. The lifetime rates were PTSD 83%, depression 45% and GAD 40%. There was high comorbidity between the disorders. The 31 to 45 years age group, above high school education level and trauma types other than earthquake were independently associated with current PTSD. Marital status and upper socioeconomic status (SES) compared to upper-middle SES were independently associated with lifetime PTSD. Both lifetime and current depression rates were independently associated with the upper SES compared to upper-middle SES. Place of living, education above high school and lower-middle SES were significantly associated with lifetime and current GAD. Conclusion: PTSD, depression and GAD were prevalent in a trauma exposed patient population visiting a psychiatric clinic in Nepal. High rates of comorbidities and several risk factors were identified. Our findings highlight the need for addressing trauma related disorders in clinical settings in developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Rishav Koirala & Erik Ganesh Iyer Søegaard & Saroj Prasad Ojha & Edvard Hauff & Suraj B Thapa, 2020. "Trauma related psychiatric disorders and their correlates in a clinical sample: A cross-sectional study in trauma affected patients visiting a psychiatric clinic in Nepal," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0234203
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234203
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nagendra P Luitel & Mark J D Jordans & Brandon A Kohrt & Sujit D Rathod & Ivan H Komproe, 2017. "Treatment gap and barriers for mental health care: A cross-sectional community survey in Nepal," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-15, August.
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    4. Tol, Wietse A. & Kohrt, Brandon A. & Jordans, Mark J.D. & Thapa, Suraj B. & Pettigrew, Judith & Upadhaya, Nawaraj & de Jong, Joop T.V.M., 2010. "Political violence and mental health: A multi-disciplinary review of the literature on Nepal," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 35-44, January.
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