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Optimal Cutoff Values of WHO-HPQ Presenteeism Scores by ROC Analysis for Preventing Mental Sickness Absence in Japanese Prospective Cohort

Author

Listed:
  • Tomoko Suzuki
  • Koichi Miyaki
  • Yasuharu Sasaki
  • Yixuan Song
  • Akizumi Tsutsumi
  • Norito Kawakami
  • Akihito Shimazu
  • Masaya Takahashi
  • Akiomi Inoue
  • Sumiko Kurioka
  • Takuro Shimbo

Abstract

Objectives: Sickness absence due to mental disease in the workplace has become a global public health problem. Previous studies report that sickness presenteeism is associated with sickness absence. We aimed to determine optimal cutoff scores for presenteeism in the screening of the future absences due to mental disease. Methods: A prospective study of 2195 Japanese employees from all areas of Japan was conducted. Presenteeism and depression were measured by the validated Japanese version of the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) and K6 scale, respectively. Absence due to mental disease across a 2-year follow-up was surveyed using medical certificates obtained for work absence. Socioeconomic status was measured via a self-administered questionnaire. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine optimal cutoff scores for absolute and relative presenteeism in relation to the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Results: The AUC values for absolute and relative presenteeism were 0.708 (95% CI, 0.618–0.797) and 0.646 (95% CI, 0.546–0.746), respectively. Optimal cutoff scores of absolute and relative presenteeism were 40 and 0.8, respectively. With multivariate adjustment, cohort participants with our proposal cutoff scores for absolute and relative presenteeism were significantly more likely to be absent due to mental disease (OR = 4.85, 95% CI: 2.20–10.73 and OR = 5.37, 95% CI: 2.42–11.93, respectively). The inclusion or exclusion of depressive symptoms (K6≥13) at baseline in the multivariate adjustment did not influence the results. Conclusions: Our proposed optimal cutoff scores of absolute and relative presenteeism are 40 and 0.8, respectively. Participants who scored worse than the cutoff scores for presenteeism were significantly more likely to be absent in future because of mental disease. Our findings suggest that the utility of presenteeism in the screening of sickness absence due to mental disease would help prevent such an absence.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomoko Suzuki & Koichi Miyaki & Yasuharu Sasaki & Yixuan Song & Akizumi Tsutsumi & Norito Kawakami & Akihito Shimazu & Masaya Takahashi & Akiomi Inoue & Sumiko Kurioka & Takuro Shimbo, 2014. "Optimal Cutoff Values of WHO-HPQ Presenteeism Scores by ROC Analysis for Preventing Mental Sickness Absence in Japanese Prospective Cohort," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(10), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0111191
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111191
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marina Taloyan & Gunnar Aronsson & Constanze Leineweber & Linda Magnusson Hanson & Kristina Alexanderson & Hugo Westerlund, 2012. "Sickness Presenteeism Predicts Suboptimal Self-Rated Health and Sickness Absence: A Nationally Representative Study of the Swedish Working Population," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(9), pages 1-8, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Isa Okajima & Yoko Komada & Wakako Ito & Yuichi Inoue, 2021. "Sleep Debt and Social Jetlag Associated with Sleepiness, Mood, and Work Performance among Workers in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Hiroki Ikeda & Tomohide Kubo & Shuhei Izawa & Nanako Nakamura-Taira & Toru Yoshikawa & Rie Akamatsu, 2022. "The Joint Association of Daily Rest Periods and Sleep Duration with Worker Health and Productivity: A Cross-Sectional Web Survey of Japanese Daytime Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, September.

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