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Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Objectively Measured Physical Capability Levels in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Kate Birnie
  • Rachel Cooper
  • Richard M Martin
  • Diana Kuh
  • Avan Aihie Sayer
  • Beatriz E Alvarado
  • Antony Bayer
  • Kaare Christensen
  • Sung-il Cho
  • Cyrus Cooper
  • Janie Corley
  • Leone Craig
  • Ian J Deary
  • Panayotes Demakakos
  • Shah Ebrahim
  • John Gallacher
  • Alan J Gow
  • David Gunnell
  • Steven Haas
  • Tomas Hemmingsson
  • Hazel Inskip
  • Soong-nang Jang
  • Kenya Noronha
  • Merete Osler
  • Alberto Palloni
  • Finn Rasmussen
  • Brigitte Santos-Eggimann
  • Jacques Spagnoli
  • John Starr
  • Andrew Steptoe
  • Holly Syddall
  • Per Tynelius
  • David Weir
  • Lawrence J Whalley
  • Maria Victoria Zunzunegui
  • Yoav Ben-Shlomo
  • Rebecca Hardy
  • on behalf of the HALCyon study team

Abstract

Background: Grip strength, walking speed, chair rising and standing balance time are objective measures of physical capability that characterise current health and predict survival in older populations. Socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood may influence the peak level of physical capability achieved in early adulthood, thereby affecting levels in later adulthood. We have undertaken a systematic review with meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that adverse childhood SEP is associated with lower levels of objectively measured physical capability in adulthood. Methods and Findings: Relevant studies published by May 2010 were identified through literature searches using EMBASE and MEDLINE. Unpublished results were obtained from study investigators. Results were provided by all study investigators in a standard format and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. 19 studies were included in the review. Total sample sizes in meta-analyses ranged from N = 17,215 for chair rise time to N = 1,061,855 for grip strength. Although heterogeneity was detected, there was consistent evidence in age adjusted models that lower childhood SEP was associated with modest reductions in physical capability levels in adulthood: comparing the lowest with the highest childhood SEP there was a reduction in grip strength of 0.13 standard deviations (95% CI: 0.06, 0.21), a reduction in mean walking speed of 0.07 m/s (0.05, 0.10), an increase in mean chair rise time of 6% (4%, 8%) and an odds ratio of an inability to balance for 5s of 1.26 (1.02, 1.55). Adjustment for the potential mediating factors, adult SEP and body size attenuated associations greatly. However, despite this attenuation, for walking speed and chair rise time, there was still evidence of moderate associations. Conclusions: Policies targeting socioeconomic inequalities in childhood may have additional benefits in promoting the maintenance of independence in later life.

Suggested Citation

  • Kate Birnie & Rachel Cooper & Richard M Martin & Diana Kuh & Avan Aihie Sayer & Beatriz E Alvarado & Antony Bayer & Kaare Christensen & Sung-il Cho & Cyrus Cooper & Janie Corley & Leone Craig & Ian J , 2011. "Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Objectively Measured Physical Capability Levels in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(1), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0015564
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015564
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Gitte Lindved Petersen & Jolene Lee Masters Pedersen & Naja Hulvej Rod & Erik Lykke Mortensen & Ichiro Kawachi & Merete Osler & Åse Marie Hansen & Rikke Lund, 2018. "Childhood socioeconomic position and physical capability in late-middle age in two birth cohorts from the Copenhagen aging and midlife biobank," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Asada, Yukiko & Grignon, Michel & Hurley, Jeremiah & Kirkland, Susan, 2020. "Cautionary tails of grip strength in health inequality studies: An analysis from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    3. Ana Carolina Patrício de Albuquerque Sousa & Ricardo Oliveira Guerra & Mai Thanh Tu & Susan P Phillips & Jack M Guralnik & Maria-Victoria Zunzunegui, 2014. "Lifecourse Adversity and Physical Performance across Countries among Men and Women Aged 65-74," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(8), pages 1-10, August.
    4. Gita D Mishra & Stephanie Black & Mai Stafford & Rachel Cooper & Diana Kuh & for the National Survey of Health and Development scientific and data collection team, 2014. "Childhood and Maternal Effects on Physical Health Related Quality of Life Five Decades Later: The British 1946 Birth Cohort," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-9, March.

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