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Smoking Behavior and Healthcare Expenditure in the United States, 1992–2009: Panel Data Estimates

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  • James Lightwood
  • Stanton A Glantz

Abstract

Background: Reductions in smoking in Arizona and California have been shown to be associated with reduced per capita healthcare expenditures in these states compared to control populations in the rest of the US. This paper extends that analysis to all states and estimates changes in healthcare expenditure attributable to changes in aggregate measures of smoking behavior in all states. Methods and Findings: State per capita healthcare expenditure is modeled as a function of current smoking prevalence, mean cigarette consumption per smoker, other demographic and economic factors, and cross-sectional time trends using a fixed effects panel data regression on annual time series data for each the 50 states and the District of Columbia for the years 1992 through 2009. We found that 1% relative reductions in current smoking prevalence and mean packs smoked per current smoker are associated with 0.118% (standard error [SE] 0.0259%, p

Suggested Citation

  • James Lightwood & Stanton A Glantz, 2016. "Smoking Behavior and Healthcare Expenditure in the United States, 1992–2009: Panel Data Estimates," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(5), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pmed00:1002020
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002020
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    Cited by:

    1. Ciccarelli, Carlo & De Fraja, Gianni & Vuri, Daniela, 2021. "Effects of passive smoking on prenatal and infant development: Lessons from the past," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).

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