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Lead time demand for simple exponential smoothing: an adjustment factor for the standard deviation

Author

Listed:
  • R D Snyder

    (Monash University)

  • A B Koehler

    (Miami University)

  • J K Ord

    (Pennsylvania State University)

Abstract

A new simple formula is found to correct the underestimation of the standard deviation for total lead time demand when using simple exponential smoothing. The traditional formula for the standard deviation of lead time demand is to multiply the standard deviation for the one-period-ahead forecast error (estimated by using the residuals) by the square root of the number of periods in the lead time. It has been shown by others that the traditional formula significantly underestimates variation in the lead time demand when the mean of the process is somewhat changing and simple exponential smoothing is appropriate. This new formula allows one to see readily the significant size of the underestimation of the traditional formula and can easily be implemented in practice. The formula is derived by using a state-space model for simple exponential smoothing.

Suggested Citation

  • R D Snyder & A B Koehler & J K Ord, 1999. "Lead time demand for simple exponential smoothing: an adjustment factor for the standard deviation," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 50(10), pages 1079-1082, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jorsoc:v:50:y:1999:i:10:d:10.1057_palgrave.jors.2600806
    DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600806
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ralph D Snyder, 2005. "A Pedant's Approach to Exponential Smoothing," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 5/05, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
    2. Syntetos, A.A. & Teunter, R.H., 2014. "On the calculation of safety stocks," Research Report 14003-OPERA, University of Groningen, Research Institute SOM (Systems, Organisations and Management).
    3. Snyder, Ralph D. & Ord, J. Keith & Beaumont, Adrian, 2012. "Forecasting the intermittent demand for slow-moving inventories: A modelling approach," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 485-496.
    4. K Nikolopoulos & A A Syntetos & J E Boylan & F Petropoulos & V Assimakopoulos, 2011. "An aggregate–disaggregate intermittent demand approach (ADIDA) to forecasting: an empirical proposition and analysis," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 62(3), pages 544-554, March.
    5. Forbes, C.S. & Snyder, R.D. & Shami, R.S., 2000. "Bayesian Exponential Smoothing," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 7/00, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
    6. Snyder, Ralph, 2002. "Forecasting sales of slow and fast moving inventories," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 140(3), pages 684-699, August.
    7. repec:dgr:rugsom:14003-opera is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Gardner, Everette Jr., 2006. "Exponential smoothing: The state of the art--Part II," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 637-666.

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