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Implications of Incomplete Markets for International Economies

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  • Gurdip Bakshi
  • Mario Cerrato
  • John Crosby

Abstract

We develop a restriction that precludes implausibly high reward-for-risk in incomplete international economies to consider a theoretical problem that characterizes a lower bound on the covariance between stochastic discount factors (SDFs) subject to correct pricing. The problem is analytically solvable and synthesizes domestic and foreign SDFs into spanned and unspanned components. Our novelty is that exchange rate growth need not equal the ratio of SDFs and that the SDF correlations are plausibly lowered. Exploiting the realities of cross-country correlations of macroeconomic quantities, namely, consumption, wealth, dividend growths, and asset returns, our empirical investigation refutes the specification of complete markets. Received September 19, 2016; editorial decision August 31, 2017 by Editor Andrew Karolyi. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Suggested Citation

  • Gurdip Bakshi & Mario Cerrato & John Crosby, 2018. "Implications of Incomplete Markets for International Economies," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 31(10), pages 4017-4062.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:31:y:2018:i:10:p:4017-4062.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhx120
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Yi-Hsuan & Vinogradov, Dmitri V., 2021. "Coins with benefits: On existence, pricing kernel and risk premium of cryptocurrencies," IRTG 1792 Discussion Papers 2021-006, Humboldt University of Berlin, International Research Training Group 1792 "High Dimensional Nonstationary Time Series".
    2. Djeutem, Edouard & Dunbar, Geoffrey R., 2022. "Uncovered return parity: Equity returns and currency returns," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    3. Maurer, Thomas & Tran, Ngoc-Khanh, 2021. "Entangled risks in incomplete FX markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 146-165.
    4. Yung, Julieta, 2021. "Can interest rate factors explain exchange rate fluctuations?," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 34-56.
    5. Branger, Nicole & Herold, Michael & Muck, Matthias, 2021. "International stochastic discount factors and covariance risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    6. Mirela Sandulescu & Fabio Trojani & Andrea Vedolin, 2021. "Model‐Free International Stochastic Discount Factors," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(2), pages 935-976, April.
    7. Xinglin Yang, 2023. "Unspanned macro risks in VIX futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(9), pages 1305-1328, September.

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