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Why Do Farmers Fail? Farm Bankruptcies 1910–78

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  • Lawrence E. Shepard
  • Robert A. Collins

Abstract

Econometric analysis of aggregate time-series farm-sector data suggests that prior to World War II the farm bankruptcy rate appears to be associated with financial risk variables, while postwar data show a strong association with business risk variables. There does not appear to be any evidence that agricultural support payments since World War II have induced, deferred, or reduced farm failures.

Suggested Citation

  • Lawrence E. Shepard & Robert A. Collins, 1982. "Why Do Farmers Fail? Farm Bankruptcies 1910–78," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 64(4), pages 609-615.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:64:y:1982:i:4:p:609-615.
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    1. Unknown, 1987. "Maintaining the Cutting Edge," 1987 Annual Meeting, August 2-5, East Lansing, Michigan 269915, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    2. Florence A. Becot & Shoshanah M. Inwood, 2022. "Medical economic vulnerability: a next step in expanding the farm resilience scholarship," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 39(3), pages 1097-1116, September.
    3. Enjolras, Geoffroy & Madiès, Philippe, 2017. "The determinants of financial distress in French farms: Analysts versus Algorithms," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 259168, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    4. Key, Nigel D. & Roberts, Michael J., 2005. "Do Government Payments Influence Farm Business Survival?," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19248, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    5. Dubman, Robert & Key, Nigel & Law, Jonathan & Litkowski, Carrie & Mandalay, Okkar & Subedi, Dipak & Todd, Jessica E. & Whitt, Christine, 2021. "Agricultural Income and Finance Situation and Outlook: 2021 Edition," USDA Miscellaneous 316342, United States Department of Agriculture.
    6. Phillips, James & Harsh, Stephen, 1987. "Use of Expert Systems in Agricultural Economics: An Expert System Application to the Financial Analysis of Lender Case Farm Records," 1987 Annual Meeting, August 2-5, East Lansing, Michigan 337275, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    7. Vassalos, Michael & Karanikolas, Pavlos & Li, Yingbo, 2015. "Investigating the Impact of Farm Characteristics, Socioeconomic Characteristics and of the Single Farm Payment on the Viability of Farms: The Case of Greece," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205423, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    8. Erik Mathijs & Marian Rizov, 2001. "Survival and Growth of Individual Farm Enterprises in Transition Economies: Empirical Evidence from Hungary," LICOS Discussion Papers 10101, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven.
    9. Settlage, Latisha A. & Dixon, Bruce L. & Ahrendsen, Bruce L. & Koenig, Steven R., 2001. "Estimating Principal Outstanding Models For Farm Service Agency Guaranteed Loans," 2001 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Chicago, IL 20738, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    10. Geoffroy Enjolras & Philippe Madiès, 2020. "The role of bank analysts and scores in the prediction of financial distress: Evidence from French farms," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(4), pages 2978-2993.
    11. Roberts, Michael J. & Key, Nigel D., 2006. "Government Payments and Farmland Concentration," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21097, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    12. Hanson, Gregory D. & Kunnican, Henry & Eidman, vernon R., 1984. "Quantifying Recession Stress in Microeconomic Farm Samples," 1984 Annual Meeting, August 5-8, Ithaca, New York 279019, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    13. Dinterman, Robert & Katchova, Ani, 2018. "Survival Analysis of Farm Bankruptcy Filings," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274117, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    14. Coronese, Matteo & Occelli, Martina & Lamperti, Francesco & Roventini, Andrea, 2023. "AgriLOVE: Agriculture, land-use and technical change in an evolutionary, agent-based model," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    15. Swanepoel, D. S., 1996. "Causes Of Maize Farm Bankruptcy In South Africa: 1970- 1994," Agrekon, Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA), vol. 35(4), December.
    16. Stam, Jerome M. & Dixon, Bruce L., 2004. "Farmer Bankruptcies And Farm Exits In The United States, 1899-2002," Agricultural Information Bulletins 33689, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    17. Tweeten, Luther, 1990. "Government Commodity Program Impacts On Farm Numbers," 1990 Conference, January 6-9, Albuquerque, New Mexico 260179, Regional Research Committe NC-181: Determinants of Farm Size and Structure.
    18. Eric C. Davis & Ani L. Katchova, 2020. "The Impact of Bank Deregulations on Farm Financial Stress and Stability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, February.
    19. Robert Dinterman & Ani L. Katchova, 2021. "Survival analysis of farm bankruptcy filings: Evaluating the time to completion of chapter 12 bankruptcy cases," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(2), pages 324-347, April.
    20. Dixon, Bruce L. & Ma, Nan & Ahrendsen, Bruce L. & Settlage, Latisha A. & Stam, Jerome M., 2002. "Factors Affecting Chapter 12 Bankruptcy Filings in the United States: A Panel Data Model," 2002 Regional Committee NC-221, October 7-8, 2002, Denver, Colorado 132366, Regional Research Committee NC-1014: Agricultural and Rural Finance Markets in Transition.
    21. Zier, Patrick & Petrick, Martin, 2010. "Cap Reform And The Effects Of Direct Payments On Heterogeneous Farm Structures In East Germany," 50th Annual Conference, Braunschweig, Germany, September 29-October 1, 2010 93948, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    22. Key, Nigel D. & Roberts, Michael J., 2007. "Commodity Payments, Farm Business Survival, and Farm Size Growth," Economic Research Report 55968, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

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