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Rankings and the battle for world-class excellence: Institutional strategies and policy choices

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  • Ellen Hazelkorn

Abstract

Global rankings are creating a furore wherever or whenever they are published or mentioned. They have become a barometer of global competition measuring the knowledge-producing and talent-catching capacity of higher education institutions. These developments are injecting a new competitive dynamic into higher education, nationally and globally, and encouraging a debate about its role and purpose. As such, politicians regularly refer to them as a measure of their nation’s economic strength and aspirations, universities use them to help set or define targets mapping their performance against the various metrics, while academics use rankings to bolster their own professional reputation and status. Based on an international survey (2006) and extensive interviews in Germany, Australia and Japan, (2008), this paper provides a comparative analysis of the impact and influence of rankings on higher education and stakeholders, and describes institutional experiences and responses. It then explores how rankings are influencing national policy and shaping institutional decision making and behaviour.Some changes form part of the broader modernisation agenda, improving performance and public accountability, while others are viewed as perverse. Their experiences illustrate that policy does matter. Les classements mondiaux suscitent l’enthousiasme chaque fois qu’ils sont publiés ou mentionnés. Ils sont devenus le baromètre de la concurrence mondiale, mesurant la capacité des institutions d’enseignement supérieur en termes de production de savoir et de captation des talents. Ces développements injectent une nouvelle dynamique de compétition dans l’enseignement supérieur, au niveau national et mondial, et suscitent un débat sur son rôle et ses objectifs. À ce titre, les hommes/femmes politiques y font régulièrement référence en tant qu’instrument de mesure de la puissance économique et des aspirations de leur nation, les universités s’en servent pour établir ou définir leurs objectifs en termes de performance par rapport à diverses métriques, tandis que les universitaires utilisent les classements pour appuyer leurs propres réputation et statut professionnels. Cet article se fonde sur une enquête internationale (2006) et des entretiens approfondis menés en Allemagne, en Australie et au Japon (2008) pour réaliser une analyse comparative de l’impact et de l’influence des classements sur l’enseignement supérieur et ses parties prenantes et pour décrire les expériences et réponses institutionnelles. Cet article étudie également la manière dont les classements influencent la politique nationale et façonnent la prise de décision et les comportements institutionnels. Certains changements s’inscrivent dans le cadre plus large du programme de modernisation qui tend vers une amélioration des performances et une plus grande responsabilité publique, tandis que d’autres sont considérés comme pervers. Leurs expériences démontrent l’importance des choix politiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Ellen Hazelkorn, 2009. "Rankings and the battle for world-class excellence: Institutional strategies and policy choices," Higher Education Management and Policy, OECD Publishing, vol. 21(1), pages 1-22.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:edukaa:5ksq1x2dljg4
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v21-art4-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Sacha Lussier & Jean-François Chanlat, 2015. "L’évaluation des établissements d’enseignement et le rôle des enseignants-chercheurs en gestion : l’intériorisation institutionnelle de l’internationalisation," Post-Print hal-01655876, HAL.
    2. Daraio, Cinzia & Bonaccorsi, Andrea & Simar, Léopold, 2015. "Rankings and university performance: A conditional multidimensional approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 244(3), pages 918-930.
    3. Benedetto Lepori & Aldo Geuna & Antonietta Mira, 2018. "Scientific Output of US and European Universities Scales Super-Linearly with Resources," SPRU Working Paper Series 2018-22, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School.
    4. Xin Gu & Karen L. Blackmore, 2016. "Recent trends in academic journal growth," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 108(2), pages 693-716, August.
    5. Гундсамбу С., 2019. "Интернационализация Высшего Образования И Преподавание На Английском Языке В Монголии: Инициативы И Тенденции," Вопросы образования // Educational Studies Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, issue 1, pages 215-243.
    6. Lepori, Benedetto & Barberio, Vitaliano & Seeber, Marco & Aguillo, Isidro, 2013. "Core–periphery structures in national higher education systems. A cross-country analysis using interlinking data," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 622-634.
    7. Sainbayar Gundsambuu, 2019. "Internationalization of Higher Education and English Medium Instruction in Mongolia: Initiatives and Trends," Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, issue 1, pages 215-243.
    8. Benedetto Lepori & Aldo Geuna & Antonietta Mira, 2019. "Scientific output scales with resources. A comparison of US and European universities," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, October.
    9. Paulina Perez Mejias & Roxana Chiappa & Carolina Guzmán-Valenzuela, 2018. "Privileging the Privileged: The Effects of International University Rankings on a Chilean Fellowship Program for Graduate Studies Abroad," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-23, November.
    10. Andrea Bonaccorsi & Cinzia Daraio, 2014. "Beyond university rankings ? Generating new indicators on European universities by linking data in open platforms," DIAG Technical Reports 2014-12, Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Universita' degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza".
    11. Bonaccorsi, Andrea & Cicero, Tindaro, 2016. "Nondeterministic ranking of university departments," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 224-237.
    12. Ibrahim Shehatta & Khalid Mahmood, 2016. "Correlation among top 100 universities in the major six global rankings: policy implications," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 109(2), pages 1231-1254, November.
    13. Shuiyun Liu & Peter C. van der Sijde, 2021. "Towards the Entrepreneurial University 2.0: Reaffirming the Responsibility of Universities in the Era of Accountability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    14. repec:dau:papers:123456789/15195 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Congbin Guo & Xiaowei Hao & Jiaqi Wu & Tizhen Hu, 2023. "The effect of national higher education initiatives on university rankings," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    16. Osmo Kivinen & Juha Hedman & Kalle Artukka, 2017. "Scientific publishing and global university rankings. How well are top publishing universities recognized?," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 112(1), pages 679-695, July.
    17. Brooks, Chris & Schopohl, Lisa & Walker, James T., 2023. "Comparing perceptions of the impact of journal rankings between fields," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    18. Frietsch, Rainer & Schubert, Torben & Rothengatter, Oliver, 2017. "An analysis of the Excellence Initiative and its effects on the funded universities," Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 11-2017, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, Berlin.
    19. Łukasz Wiechetek & Zbigniew Pastuszak, 2022. "Academic social networks metrics: an effective indicator for university performance?," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 127(3), pages 1381-1401, March.

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