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A high-current hydrogel generator with engineered mechanoionic asymmetry

Author

Listed:
  • Hongzhen Liu

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Xianglin Ji

    (City University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Science Park)

  • Zihao Guo

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Xi Wei

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Jinchen Fan

    (University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)

  • Peng Shi

    (City University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Science Park)

  • Xiong Pu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Feng Gong

    (Southeast University)

  • Lizhi Xu

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories)

Abstract

Mechanoelectrical energy conversion is a potential solution for the power supply of miniaturized wearable and implantable systems; yet it remains challenging due to limited current output when exploiting low-frequency motions with soft devices. We report a design of a hydrogel generator with mechanoionic current generation amplified by orders of magnitudes with engineered structural and chemical asymmetry. Under compressive loading, relief structures in the hydrogel intensify net ion fluxes induced by deformation gradient, which synergize with asymmetric ion adsorption characteristics of the electrodes and distinct diffusivity of cations and anions in the hydrogel matrix. This engineered mechanoionic process can yield 4 mA (5.5 A m−2) of peak current under cyclic compression of 80 kPa applied at 0.1 Hz, with the transferred charge reaching up to 916 mC m−2 per cycle. The high current output of this miniaturized hydrogel generator is beneficial for the powering of wearable devices, as exemplified by a controlled drug-releasing system for wound healing. The demonstrated mechanisms for amplifying mechanoionic effect will enable further designs for a variety of self-powered biomedical systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Hongzhen Liu & Xianglin Ji & Zihao Guo & Xi Wei & Jinchen Fan & Peng Shi & Xiong Pu & Feng Gong & Lizhi Xu, 2024. "A high-current hydrogel generator with engineered mechanoionic asymmetry," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45931-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45931-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yu-Chuan Chien & Haidong Liu & Ashok S. Menon & William R. Brant & Daniel Brandell & Matthew J. Lacey, 2023. "Rapid determination of solid-state diffusion coefficients in Li-based batteries via intermittent current interruption method," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Xiaomeng Liu & Hongyan Gao & Joy E. Ward & Xiaorong Liu & Bing Yin & Tianda Fu & Jianhan Chen & Derek R. Lovley & Jun Yao, 2020. "Power generation from ambient humidity using protein nanowires," Nature, Nature, vol. 578(7796), pages 550-554, February.
    3. Li Cheng & Qi Xu & Youbin Zheng & Xiaofeng Jia & Yong Qin, 2018. "A self-improving triboelectric nanogenerator with improved charge density and increased charge accumulation speed," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
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