A reprogrammable mechanical metamaterial with origami functional-group transformation and ring reconfiguration

Recent advancements in reprogrammable metamaterials have enabled the development of intelligent matters with variable special properties in situ. These metamaterials employ intra-element physical reconfiguration and inter-element structural transformation. However, existing mono-characteristic homo-element mechanical metamaterials have limited reprogramming functions. Here, we introduce a reprogrammable mechanical metamaterial composed of origami elements with heterogeneous mechanical properties, which achieves various mechanical behavior patterns by functional group transformations and ring reconfigurations. Through the anisotropic assembly of two heterogeneous elements into a functional group, we enable mechanical behavior switching between positive and negative stiffness. The resulting polygonal ring exhibits rotational deformation, zero Poisson’s ratio stretching/compression deformation, and negative Poisson’s ratio auxetic deformation. Arranging these rings periodically yields homogeneous metamaterials. The reconfiguration of quadrilateral rings allows for continuous fine-tunability of the mechanical response and negative Poisson’s ratio. This mechanical metamaterial could provide a versatile material platform for reprogrammable mechanical computing, multi-purpose robots, transformable vehicles and architectures at different scales.