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Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle

Author

Listed:
  • Janina Rahlff

    (University of Duisburg-Essen
    Linnaeus University
    Friedrich Schiller University Jena)

  • Sarah P. Esser

    (University of Duisburg-Essen
    Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen)

  • Julia Plewka

    (University of Duisburg-Essen
    Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen)

  • Mara Elena Heinrichs

    (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg)

  • André Soares

    (University of Duisburg-Essen
    Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen)

  • Claudio Scarchilli

    (Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA))

  • Paolo Grigioni

    (Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA))

  • Heike Wex

    (Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS))

  • Helge-Ansgar Giebel

    (Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
    Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg)

  • Alexander J. Probst

    (University of Duisburg-Essen
    Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen
    University of Duisburg-Essen)

Abstract

Marine viruses in seawater have frequently been studied, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2% of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols collected at ~2 m height above sea level and rain. Viruses detected in rain and these aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to foreign viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization, adaptations, and dispersal support transmission of viruses along the natural water cycle.

Suggested Citation

  • Janina Rahlff & Sarah P. Esser & Julia Plewka & Mara Elena Heinrichs & André Soares & Claudio Scarchilli & Paolo Grigioni & Heike Wex & Helge-Ansgar Giebel & Alexander J. Probst, 2023. "Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-42125-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5
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