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Effects of paleogeographic changes and CO2 variability on northern mid-latitudinal temperature gradients in the Cretaceous

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  • Kaushal Gianchandani

    (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram)

  • Sagi Maor

    (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram)

  • Ori Adam

    (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram)

  • Alexander Farnsworth

    (University of Bristol
    Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Hezi Gildor

    (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram)

  • Daniel J. Lunt

    (University of Bristol)

  • Nathan Paldor

    (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram)

Abstract

The Cretaceous ‘greenhouse’ period (~145 to ~66 million years ago, Ma) in Earth’s history is relatively well documented by multiple paleoproxy records, which indicate that the meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient increased (non-monotonically) from the Valanginian (~135 Ma) to the Maastrichtian (~68 Ma). Changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration, solar constant, and paleogeography are the primary drivers of variations in the spatiotemporal distribution of SST. However, the particular contribution of each of these drivers (and their underlying mechanisms) to changes in the SST distribution remains poorly understood. Here we use data from a suite of paleoclimate simulations to compare the relative effects of atmospheric CO2 variability and paleogeographic changes on mid-latitudinal SST gradient through the Cretaceous. Further, we use a fundamental model of wind-driven ocean gyres to quantify how changes in the Northern Hemisphere paleogeography weaken the circulation in subtropical ocean gyres, leading to an increase in extratropical SSTs.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaushal Gianchandani & Sagi Maor & Ori Adam & Alexander Farnsworth & Hezi Gildor & Daniel J. Lunt & Nathan Paldor, 2023. "Effects of paleogeographic changes and CO2 variability on northern mid-latitudinal temperature gradients in the Cretaceous," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-40905-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40905-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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