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Complex tsunamigenic near-trench seafloor deformation during the 2011 Tohoku–Oki earthquake

Author

Listed:
  • Kai Zhang

    (Shandong University of Science and Technology
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    Ministry of Natural Resources)

  • Yanru Wang

    (Shandong University of Science and Technology)

  • Yu Luo

    (Shandong University of Science and Technology)

  • Dineng Zhao

    (Ministry of Natural Resources
    Ministry of Natural Resources)

  • Mingwei Wang

    (Ministry of Natural Resources)

  • Fanlin Yang

    (Shandong University of Science and Technology
    Ministry of Natural Resources)

  • Ziyin Wu

    (Ministry of Natural Resources)

Abstract

The near-trench coseismic rupture behaviour of the 2011 Tohoku–Oki earthquake remains poorly understood due to the scarcity of near-field observations. Differential bathymetry offers a unique approach to studying offshore coseismic seafloor deformation but has a limited horizontal resolution. Here we use differential bathymetry estimates with improved horizontal resolutions to investigate near-trench coseismic slip behaviours in the 2011 Tohoku–Oki earthquake. In the main rupture region, a velocity-strengthening behaviour in the shallow fault is observed. By contrast, the seafloor uplift decreases towards the trench, but the trend inverts near the backstop interface outcrop, revealing significant off-fault deformation features. Amongst various competing off-fault effects observed, we suggest that inelastic deformation plays a predominant role in near-trench tsunami excitation. Large trench-bleaching rupture is also observed immediately north of 39°, delimiting the northern extent of the main rupture region. Overall, striking spatial heterogeneity of the shallow rupture behaviour is revealed for the region.

Suggested Citation

  • Kai Zhang & Yanru Wang & Yu Luo & Dineng Zhao & Mingwei Wang & Fanlin Yang & Ziyin Wu, 2023. "Complex tsunamigenic near-trench seafloor deformation during the 2011 Tohoku–Oki earthquake," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38970-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38970-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shinzaburo Ozawa & Takuya Nishimura & Hisashi Suito & Tomokazu Kobayashi & Mikio Tobita & Tetsuro Imakiire, 2011. "Coseismic and postseismic slip of the 2011 magnitude-9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake," Nature, Nature, vol. 475(7356), pages 373-376, July.
    2. Tianhaozhe Sun & Kelin Wang & Toshiya Fujiwara & Shuichi Kodaira & Jiangheng He, 2017. "Large fault slip peaking at trench in the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-8, April.
    3. Hiroyuki Noda & Nadia Lapusta, 2013. "Stable creeping fault segments can become destructive as a result of dynamic weakening," Nature, Nature, vol. 493(7433), pages 518-521, January.
    4. Hannah S. Rabinowitz & Heather M. Savage & Pratigya J. Polissar & Christie D. Rowe & James D. Kirkpatrick, 2020. "Earthquake slip surfaces identified by biomarker thermal maturity within the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake fault zone," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
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