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Eruption of ultralow-viscosity basanite magma at Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, Canary Islands

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  • Jonathan M. Castro

    (University of Mainz)

  • Yves Feisel

    (University of Mainz)

Abstract

The viscosity of magma exerts control on all aspects of its migration through the crust to eruption. This was particularly true for the 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja (La Palma), which produced exceptionally fast and fluid lava at high discharge rates. We have performed concentric cylinder experiments to determine the effective viscosities of the Cumbre Vieja magma, while accounting for its chemistry, crystallinity, and temperature. Here we show that this event produced a nepheline-normative basanite with the lowest viscosity of historical basaltic eruptions, exhibiting values of less than 10 to about 160 Pa s within eruption temperatures of ~1200 to ~1150 °C. The magma’s low viscosity was responsible for many eruptive phenomena that lead to particularly impactful events, including high-Reynolds number turbulent flow and supercritical states. Increases in viscosity due to crystallization-induced melt differentiation were subdued in this eruption, due in part to subtle degrees of silica enrichment in alkaline magma.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan M. Castro & Yves Feisel, 2022. "Eruption of ultralow-viscosity basanite magma at Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, Canary Islands," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30905-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30905-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. M. R. Patrick & B. F. Houghton & K. R. Anderson & M. P. Poland & E. Montgomery-Brown & I. Johanson & W. Thelen & T. Elias, 2020. "The cascading origin of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and implications for future forecasting," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. T. J. Jones & C. D. Reynolds & S. C. Boothroyd, 2019. "Fluid dynamic induced break-up during volcanic eruptions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-7, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Carmen Fresno & Simone Cesca & Andreas Klügel & Itahiza Domínguez Cerdeña & Eduardo A. Díaz-Suárez & Torsten Dahm & Laura García-Cañada & Stavros Meletlidis & Claus Milkereit & Carla Valenzuela-Malebr, 2023. "Magmatic plumbing and dynamic evolution of the 2021 La Palma eruption," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Guillem Gisbert & Valentin R. Troll & James M. D. Day & Harri Geiger & Francisco J. Perez-Torrado & Meritxell Aulinas & Frances M. Deegan & Helena Albert & Juan Carlos Carracedo, 2023. "Reported ultra-low lava viscosities from the 2021 La Palma eruption are potentially biased," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.

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