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Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records

Author

Listed:
  • Ellen J. Thompson

    (King’s College London)

  • Dylan M. Williams

    (University College London
    Karolinska Institutet)

  • Alex J. Walker

    (University of Oxford)

  • Ruth E. Mitchell

    (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol
    University of Bristol)

  • Claire L. Niedzwiedz

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Tiffany C. Yang

    (Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Charlotte F. Huggins

    (University of Edinburgh)

  • Alex S. F. Kwong

    (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol
    University of Edinburgh)

  • Richard J. Silverwood

    (University College London)

  • Giorgio Di Gessa

    (University College London)

  • Ruth C. E. Bowyer

    (King’s College London)

  • Kate Northstone

    (University of Bristol)

  • Bo Hou

    (Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Michael J. Green

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Brian Dodgeon

    (University College London)

  • Katie J. Doores

    (King’s College London)

  • Emma L. Duncan

    (King’s College London)

  • Frances M. K. Williams

    (King’s College London)

  • Andrew Steptoe

    (University College London)

  • David J. Porteous

    (University of Edinburgh)

  • Rosemary R. C. McEachan

    (Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Laurie Tomlinson

    (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine)

  • Ben Goldacre

    (University of Oxford)

  • Praveetha Patalay

    (University College London
    University College London)

  • George B. Ploubidis

    (University College London)

  • Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Kate Tilling

    (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol)

  • Christopher T. Rentsch

    (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
    VA Connecticut Healthcare System)

  • Nicholas J. Timpson

    (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol
    University of Bristol)

  • Nishi Chaturvedi

    (University College London)

  • Claire J. Steves

    (King’s College London
    Guys and St Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust)

Abstract

The frequency of, and risk factors for, long COVID are unclear among community-based individuals with a history of COVID-19. To elucidate the burden and possible causes of long COVID in the community, we coordinated analyses of survey data from 6907 individuals with self-reported COVID-19 from 10 UK longitudinal study (LS) samples and 1.1 million individuals with COVID-19 diagnostic codes in electronic healthcare records (EHR) collected by spring 2021. Proportions of presumed COVID-19 cases in LS reporting any symptoms for 12+ weeks ranged from 7.8% and 17% (with 1.2 to 4.8% reporting debilitating symptoms). Increasing age, female sex, white ethnicity, poor pre-pandemic general and mental health, overweight/obesity, and asthma were associated with prolonged symptoms in both LS and EHR data, but findings for other factors, such as cardio-metabolic parameters, were inconclusive.

Suggested Citation

  • Ellen J. Thompson & Dylan M. Williams & Alex J. Walker & Ruth E. Mitchell & Claire L. Niedzwiedz & Tiffany C. Yang & Charlotte F. Huggins & Alex S. F. Kwong & Richard J. Silverwood & Giorgio Di Gessa , 2022. "Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30836-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30836-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Antonio Baldassarre & Annarita Chiarelli & Antonella Mariniello & Diana Paolini & Maddalena Grazzini & Nicola Mucci & Giulio Arcangeli, 2023. "Physical Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Population of Italian Healthcare Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Ziqi Liu & Ziqiao Yin & Zhilong Mi & Binghui Guo, 2023. "Long-COVID Inducement Mechanism Based on the Path Module Correlation Coefficient," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Nicole H. Goldhaber & Jordan N. Kohn & William Scott Ogan & Amy Sitapati & Christopher A. Longhurst & Angela Wang & Susan Lee & Suzi Hong & Lucy E. Horton, 2022. "Deep Dive into the Long Haul: Analysis of Symptom Clusters and Risk Factors for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 to Inform Clinical Care," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.
    4. B-A. Reme & J. Gjesvik & K. Magnusson, 2023. "Predictors of the post-COVID condition following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Kirsten McEwan & Harriet Collett & Jean Nairn & Jamie Bird & Mark A. Faghy & Eric Pfeifer & Jessica E. Jackson & Caroline Cook & Amanda Bond, 2022. "The Feasibility and Impact of Practising Online Forest Bathing to Improve Anxiety, Rumination, Social Connection and Long-COVID Symptoms: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-12, November.
    6. Claire E. Hastie & David J. Lowe & Andrew McAuley & Nicholas L. Mills & Andrew J. Winter & Corri Black & Janet T. Scott & Catherine A. O’Donnell & David N. Blane & Susan Browne & Tracy R. Ibbotson & J, 2023. "Natural history of long-COVID in a nationwide, population cohort study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    7. Jia Wei & Philippa C. Matthews & Nicole Stoesser & John N. Newton & Ian Diamond & Ruth Studley & Nick Taylor & John I. Bell & Jeremy Farrar & Jaison Kolenchery & Brian D. Marsden & Sarah Hoosdally & E, 2023. "Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant following booster vaccination or breakthrough infection in the UK," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    8. Christina J. Atchison & Bethan Davies & Emily Cooper & Adam Lound & Matthew Whitaker & Adam Hampshire & Adriana Azor & Christl A. Donnelly & Marc Chadeau-Hyam & Graham S. Cooke & Helen Ward & Paul Ell, 2023. "Long-term health impacts of COVID-19 among 242,712 adults in England," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.

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