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Observation of quantum depletion in a non-equilibrium exciton–polariton condensate

Author

Listed:
  • Maciej Pieczarka

    (The Australian National University)

  • Eliezer Estrecho

    (The Australian National University)

  • Maryam Boozarjmehr

    (The Australian National University)

  • Olivier Bleu

    (Monash University)

  • Mark Steger

    (University of Pittsburgh
    National Renewable Energy Lab)

  • Kenneth West

    (Princeton University)

  • Loren N. Pfeiffer

    (Princeton University)

  • David W. Snoke

    (University of Pittsburgh)

  • Jesper Levinsen

    (Monash University)

  • Meera M. Parish

    (Monash University)

  • Andrew G. Truscott

    (The Australian National University)

  • Elena A. Ostrovskaya

    (The Australian National University)

Abstract

Superfluidity, first discovered in liquid 4He, is closely related to Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) phenomenon. However, even at zero temperature, a fraction of the quantum liquid is excited out of the condensate into higher momentum states via interaction-induced fluctuations—the phenomenon of quantum depletion. Quantum depletion of atomic BECs in thermal equilibrium is well understood theoretically but is difficult to measure. This measurement is even more challenging in driven-dissipative exciton–polariton condensates, since their non-equilibrium nature is predicted to suppress quantum depletion. Here, we observe quantum depletion of a high-density exciton–polariton condensate by detecting the spectral branch of elementary excitations populated by this process. Analysis of this excitation branch shows that quantum depletion of exciton–polariton condensates can closely follow or strongly deviate from the equilibrium Bogoliubov theory, depending on the exciton fraction in an exciton polariton. Our results reveal beyond mean-field effects of exciton–polariton interactions and call for a deeper understanding of the relationship between equilibrium and non-equilibrium BECs.

Suggested Citation

  • Maciej Pieczarka & Eliezer Estrecho & Maryam Boozarjmehr & Olivier Bleu & Mark Steger & Kenneth West & Loren N. Pfeiffer & David W. Snoke & Jesper Levinsen & Meera M. Parish & Andrew G. Truscott & Ele, 2020. "Observation of quantum depletion in a non-equilibrium exciton–polariton condensate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:11:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-14243-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14243-6
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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Grudinina & Maria Efthymiou-Tsironi & Vincenzo Ardizzone & Fabrizio Riminucci & Milena De Giorgi & Dimitris Trypogeorgos & Kirk Baldwin & Loren Pfeiffer & Dario Ballarini & Daniele Sanvitto & Nin, 2023. "Collective excitations of a bound-in-the-continuum condensate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Kai Peng & Renjie Tao & Louis Haeberlé & Quanwei Li & Dafei Jin & Graham R. Fleming & Stéphane Kéna-Cohen & Xiang Zhang & Wei Bao, 2022. "Room-temperature polariton quantum fluids in halide perovskites," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.

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