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Enhancing Vertical Efficiency Through Horizontal Licensing

Author

Listed:
  • Anil Arya
  • Brian Mittendorf

Abstract

This paper examines the role of patent licensing in the age of outsourcing. When firms rely on outsourced inputs, a patent holder’s decision to license has both competitive and supplier pricing effects. By issuing a license, the firm increases competition in the product market. At the same time, the need to make royalty payments “weakens” the firm’s rival, making it more sensitive to supplier pricing. The supplier responds by softening pricing terms, and the firm benefits by siphoning some of these gains via the license fee. Not only can the licensor gain, but all other parties (the licensee, supplier, and consumers) can also benefit. This role of licensing presents additional considerations for regulators shaping patent laws. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006

Suggested Citation

  • Anil Arya & Brian Mittendorf, 2006. "Enhancing Vertical Efficiency Through Horizontal Licensing," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 333-342, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:regeco:v:29:y:2006:i:3:p:333-342
    DOI: 10.1007/s11149-006-7403-7
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Arijit Mukherjee & Laixun Zhao, 2012. "Profitable parallel trade in unionized markets," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 107(3), pages 267-276, November.
    2. Yen-Ju Lin & Yan-Shu Lin & Pei-Cyuan Shih, 2022. "Welfare reducing vertical licensing in the presence of complementary inputs," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 137(2), pages 121-143, October.
    3. Liu Yao & Mukherjee Arijit, 2024. "Lobbying for Tariff Protection, International Technology Licensing and Consumer Surplus," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 24(1), pages 117-139, January.
    4. Jiyun Cao & Arijit Mukherjee, 2017. "Market Power of the Input Supplier, Technology Transfer and Consumer Welfare," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 85(4), pages 430-449, July.
    5. Ku-Chu Tsao & Jin-Li Hu & Hong Hwang & Yan-Shu Lin, 2023. "More licensed technologies may make it worse: a welfare analysis of licensing vertically two-tier foreign technologies," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 139(1), pages 71-88, June.
    6. Yi Liu & Leonard F.S. Wang & Chenhang Zeng, 2023. "Upstream privatization and downstream licensing," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 19(1), pages 148-165, March.
    7. Zhang, Huaige & Wang, Xuejun & Qing, Ping & Hong, Xianpei, 2016. "Optimal licensing of uncertain patents in a differentiated Stackelberg duopolistic competition market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 215-229.
    8. Bakaouka, Elpiniki & Milliou, Chrysovalantou, 2018. "Vertical licensing, input pricing, and entry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 66-96.
    9. Filippini Luigi & Vergari Cecilia, 2017. "Vertical Integration Smooths Innovation Diffusion," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 17(3), pages 1-22, July.
    10. Hanli Hu & Yu Cao & Dan Yi & Qingsong Li, 2023. "How to Distribute Green Products in Competition with Brown Products? Direct Selling versus Agent Selling?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-22, July.
    11. Takauchi, Kazuhiro, 2015. "Endogenous transport price and international R&D rivalry," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 36-43.
    12. Huaige Zhang & Xuejun Wang & Xianpei Hong & Qiang (Steven) Lu, 2018. "Technology Licensing in a Network Product Market: Fixed†Fee versus Royalty Licensing," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 94(305), pages 168-185, June.
    13. Chrysovalantou Miliou & Emmanuel Petrakis, 2015. "Vertical Integration, Knowledge Disclosure and Decreasing Rival's Cost," Working Papers 1507, University of Crete, Department of Economics.
    14. Milliou, Chrysovalantou & Petrakis, Emmanuel, 2012. "Vertical integration, knowledge disclosure and decreasing rival's cost," UC3M Working papers. Economics we1213, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    15. Wang, Wei & Lyu, Gaoyan & Cui, Wei & Li, Yongjian, 2021. "Strategic technology commercialization in the supply chain under network effects," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Licensing; Outsourcing; Patents; D45; L4; L12; O34;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D45 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Rationing; Licensing
    • L4 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies
    • L12 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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