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The Ethical Standards of Judgment Questionnaire: Development and Validation of Independent Measures of Formalism and Consequentialism

Author

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  • Ed Love

    (Western Washington University)

  • Tara Ceranic Salinas

    (University of San Diego)

  • Jeff D. Rotman

    (Deakin University)

Abstract

The ethical frameworks of consequentialism and formalism predict moral awareness and behavior in individuals, but current measures either do not treat these frameworks as independent or lack sufficient theoretical underpinnings and statistical dependability. This paper presents the development and validation of a new scale to measure consequentialism and formalism that is well grounded in prior research. The Ethical Standards of Judgement Questionnaire (ESJQ) is validated via six studies (total n > 2400). Measurement items are developed in the first three studies, which also confirm the need to eliminate a unidimensional measure and evaluate these frameworks separately. The fourth study addresses discriminant validity and the two remaining studies provide insight into how consequentialism and formalism predict the degree to which behaviors are deemed acceptable by individuals in the context of consumer beliefs and religious beliefs. Suggested uses for the scale in both academia and organizations are presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Ed Love & Tara Ceranic Salinas & Jeff D. Rotman, 2020. "The Ethical Standards of Judgment Questionnaire: Development and Validation of Independent Measures of Formalism and Consequentialism," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 161(1), pages 115-132, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jbuset:v:161:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s10551-018-3937-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s10551-018-3937-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Aimee E. Smith & Natalina Zlatevska & Rafi M. M. I. Chowdhury & Alex Belli, 2023. "A Meta-Analytical Assessment of the Effect of Deontological Evaluations and Teleological Evaluations on Ethical Judgments/Intentions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 188(3), pages 553-588, December.
    3. In-Hye Kang & Taehoon Park, 2022. "Cultural Differences in Consumer Responses to Celebrities Acting Immorally: A Comparison of the United States and South Korea," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 180(1), pages 373-389, September.
    4. Emmanuelle Deglaire & Peter Daly & Fabrice Lec, 2021. "Exposure to tax dilemmas deteriorate individuals' self-declared tax morale," Economics of Governance, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 363-397, December.
    5. Seyyed Babak Alavi, 2024. "The Making of an Authentic Leader’s Internalized Moral Perspective: The Role of Internalized Ethical Philosophies in the Development of Authentic Leaders’ Moral Identity," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 190(1), pages 77-92, February.
    6. Feess, Eberhard & Kerzenmacher, Florian & Timofeyev, Yuriy, 2022. "Utilitarian or deontological models of moral behavior—What predicts morally questionable decisions?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).

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