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Financial inclusion, financial development, and economic diversification in Nigeria

Author

Listed:
  • Ogechi Adeola
  • Olaniyi Evans

    (Pan-Atlantic University, Nigeria
    University of Lagos, Nigeria)

Abstract

The current oil-induced fiscal crisis in Nigeria has, once again, brought the country into the headlines as suffering great economic hardship. As a result, economic diversification is currently at the center of the debate on how Nigeria can improve its economic performance and achieve higher incomes. This discussion, however, has most of the times lacked an explanation of how financial development and financial inclusion can help to drive economic diversification in Nigeria. The literature is scanty in this regard. The objective of this study, therefore, is to contribute to this empirical evidence to the understanding of the impact of financial development and financial inclusion on economic diversification in Nigeria. The data for the study is from CBN Statistical Bulletin and World Development Indicators, for the period 1981 to 2014. It is well-known in the literature that employing the standard OLS techniques on non-stationary data may lead to spurious results. This study, therefore, uses the fully modified least square (FMOLS) which is designed to provide optimal estimates of cointegrating regressions. The results show that financial development has a positive effect on economic diversification, though the effect is not statistically significant. Additionally, financial inclusion, in terms of financial access and financial usage, has positive and significant effects on economic diversification. In other words, financial inclusion has contributed significantly to the diversification of the Nigerian economy. As well, GDP per capita, capital formation, and human capital development have positive and significant effects on economic diversification. FDI has positive effects on economic diversification, though the effects are not significant. On the contrary, exchange rate and trade openness have negative and significant effects on economic diversification. Financial inclusion can, therefore, be seen as a potent accelerator of economic diversification, and can help realize the national objectives of building shared prosperity and abolishing extreme poverty in Nigeria.

Suggested Citation

  • Ogechi Adeola & Olaniyi Evans, 2017. "Financial inclusion, financial development, and economic diversification in Nigeria," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 51(3), pages 1-15, July-Sept.
    • Handle: RePEc:jda:journl:vol.51:year:2017:issue3:pp:1-15
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    Cited by:

    1. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Financial inclusion in Nigeria: determinants, challenges and achievements," MPRA Paper 99173, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Oluwarotimi Ayokunnu Owolabi & Adedayo Oluseun Adedeji & Busayo Aderounmu & Asa-Ruth Oboko Oku & Toun Ogunbiyi, 2023. "Do Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and financial development contribute to economic diversification? Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Zhian Zhiow Augustinne Wong & Ramez Abubakr Badeeb & Abey P. Philip, 2023. "Financial Inclusion, Poverty, and Income Inequality in ASEAN Countries: Does Financial Innovation Matter?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(1), pages 471-503, September.
    4. David Damiyano & Stephen Mago, 2023. "An Analysis of the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Poverty and Development: Case of SACU Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 141-147, November.
    5. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2022. "Financial inclusion in Nigeria: an overview," MPRA Paper 113572, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Jarisch, Isabelle & Bödeker, Kai & Bingham, Logan Robert & Friedrich, Stefan & Kindu, Mengistie & Knoke, Thomas, 2022. "The influence of discounting ecosystem services in robust multi-objective optimization – An application to a forestry-avocado land-use portfolio," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    7. Evans, Olaniyi, 2018. "Blockchain Technology and the Financial Market: An Empirical Analysis," MPRA Paper 99212, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Adabor, Opoku & Mishra, Ankita, 2023. "The resource curse paradox: The role of financial inclusion in mitigating the adverse effect of natural resource rent on economic growth in Ghana," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    9. Antonella Francesca Cicchiello & Amirreza Kazemikhasragh & Stefano Monferrá & Alicia Girón, 2021. "Financial inclusion and development in the least developed countries in Asia and Africa," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, December.
    10. Evans, Olaniyi, 2020. "Fiscal Discipline, Financial Development & Economic Growth in Nigeria," MPRA Paper 99242, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Menyelim M. Chima & Abiola Ayopo Babajide & Alex Adegboye & Segun Kehinde & Oluwatobi Fasheyitan, 2021. "The Relevance of Financial Inclusion on Sustainable Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, May.
    12. Nwaogwugwu, Chii & Evans, Olaniyi, 2019. "What are the Short-run and Long-run Drivers of Human Capital Development in Nigeria?," MPRA Paper 97130, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Md. Qamruzzaman & Jianguo Wei, 2019. "Financial Innovation and Financial Inclusion Nexus in South Asian Countries: Evidence from Symmetric and Asymmetric Panel Investigation," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-27, October.
    14. Ogechi Adeola & Olaniyi Evans, 2020. "ICT, infrastructure, and tourism development in Africa," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(1), pages 97-114, February.
    15. Yadava, Anup Kumar & Singh, Bhanu Pratap & Yadav, Vishal, 2021. "Nexus of Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: Benchmarking the Performance of Indian States," MPRA Paper 108479, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Adegbola Olubukola Otekunrin & Tough Chinoda & Kudzanai Matowanyika, 2021. "The Nexus Between Economic Growth, Financial Development, Financial Inclusion and Financial Innovation in Africa," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 11(8), pages 672-681, August.
    17. Tough Chinoda & Joseph Olorunfemi Akande, 2019. "Financial Inclusion, Mobile Phone Diffusion, and Economic Growth; Evidence from Africa," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 104-110.
    18. Maxwell Kongkuah & Hongxing Yao & Veli Yilanci, 2022. "The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in China: the role of urbanisation and international trade," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 4684-4708, April.
    19. Wale-Awe, Olawale & Evans, Olaniyi, 2023. "Financial inclusion through digital channels and the growth-inequality-poverty triangle: Evidence from Africa," MPRA Paper 119455, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Tekeste Berhanu Lakew & Hossein Azadi, 2020. "Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia: Is It on the Right Track?," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-13, May.
    21. Ozili, Peterson K, 2022. "Financial inclusion and sustainable development: an empirical association," MPRA Paper 115772, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    22. Adeola, Ogechi & Evans, Olaniyi & Hilson, Ebo, 2018. "Tourism and economic wellbeing in Africa," MPRA Paper 93685, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    23. Evans, Olaniyi, 2021. "The Curious Case of Petro-Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Oil-Producing Countries: An Analysis of the Effect of Oil Price on Inflation in Nigeria," MPRA Paper 118198, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    24. Anh L.N. Ngo, 2019. "Index of Financial Inclusion and the Determinants: An Investigation in Asia," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(12), pages 1368-1382, December.
    25. Tough Chinoda & Josphat Nyoni & Maxwell Chufama & Andrew Jeremiah & Martin Dandira, 2021. "The Nexus between Financial Innovation, Financial Inclusion, and Economic growth in Africa: A PMG Approach," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 5(10), pages 544-550, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial development; financial inclusion; economic diversification; FMOLS;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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