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Reuse of Treated Wastewater: Drivers, Regulations, Technologies, Case Studies, and Greater Chicago Area Experiences

Author

Listed:
  • Krishna R. Reddy

    (Sustainable Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

  • Valeria Kandou

    (Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

  • Rachel Havrelock

    (UIC Freshwater Lab, Department of English, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

  • Ahmed Rachid El-Khattabi

    (Environmental Finance Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
    Great Cities Institute, Urban Planning and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

  • Teresa Cordova

    (Great Cities Institute, Urban Planning and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

  • Matthew D. Wilson

    (Great Cities Institute, Urban Planning and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

  • Braeden Nelson

    (UIC Freshwater Lab, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

  • Citlalli Trujillo

    (UIC Freshwater Lab, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA)

Abstract

Water reuse is a practical solution to augment water supplies in areas where water resources are increasingly scarce. Water reuse technology is versatile and can be used to alleviate the different causes of water scarcity, such as groundwater depletion or increased availability of brackish water. Treatment technologies can be tailored specifically to the end use of recycled water, focusing on these drivers that are region-specific, for a more cost-effective treatment system. This is called a “Fit-for-Purpose” strategy that is commonly implemented in any water reuse project. However, implementing water reuse can be challenging due to infrastructural requirements, economic issues, and social acceptance. To help navigate these challenges, this article provides a comprehensive review of water reuse cases and presents guidelines that can act as a reference framework for future water reuse projects. This article also makes the case for implementing water reuse in the Greater Chicago area as a means of alleviating pressure on withdrawals from Lake Michigan.

Suggested Citation

  • Krishna R. Reddy & Valeria Kandou & Rachel Havrelock & Ahmed Rachid El-Khattabi & Teresa Cordova & Matthew D. Wilson & Braeden Nelson & Citlalli Trujillo, 2023. "Reuse of Treated Wastewater: Drivers, Regulations, Technologies, Case Studies, and Greater Chicago Area Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-68, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7495-:d:1138546
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stephane Hallegatte & Colin Green & Robert J. Nicholls & Jan Corfee-Morlot, 2013. "Future flood losses in major coastal cities," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(9), pages 802-806, September.
    2. Apurva Pamidimukkala & Sharareh Kermanshachi & Nikhitha Adepu & Elnaz Safapour, 2021. "Resilience in Water Infrastructures: A Review of Challenges and Adoption Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-15, November.
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