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Closing Nutrient Cycles through the Use of System-Internal Resource Streams: Implications for Circular Multitrophic Food Production Systems and Aquaponic Feed Development

Author

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  • Christopher Shaw

    (Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
    Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany)

  • Klaus Knopf

    (Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
    Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany)

  • Laura Klatt

    (Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany)

  • Gabina Marin Arellano

    (Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
    Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany)

  • Werner Kloas

    (Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
    Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
    Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

In order to further close nutrient cycles of aquaponic systems, it could be possible to integrate a third trophic level in the form of insect larvae production (i.e., black soldier fly larvae) to recycle internal waste streams into valuable nutrients. This would present opportunities to formulate sustainable circular aquafeeds that combine these internally available nutrients with complementary external raw materials. The ingredient composition of feeds for such circular multitrophic food production systems (CMFS) may affect fish performance as well as excretion of important dissolved plant nutrients such as N, P and K. Hence, fish meal from catfish processing (CM) as base ingredient was combined with variable levels of poultry by-product meal (PM) and black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) into three marine-ingredient-free experimental diets corresponding to hypothetical production scenarios of a CMFS that aims to integrate aquaponics with insect larvae production. These experimental diets and a commercial diet (COM) were compared using isonitrogenous and isolipidic formulations. They were fed to African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and evaluated concerning growth performance and nutrient excretion. All diets resulted in similar total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) excretion, whereas the increase of dietary PM inclusion from 0% (BSF diet) to 20% (MIX diet) and to 41% (PM diet) and concomitant reduction of BSFM inclusion led to increasingly higher soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) excretion per unit of feed compared to the COM diet. While the PM diet enabled the best growth and feed conversion performance, the MIX and especially the BSF diet produced more similar performance to the COM diet, which generated the highest dissolved K excretion. The MIX and the PM diet resulted in the highest Ca and P, yet lower N content in the fish feces. Results indicate that combining CM with elevated levels of PM in the diet of African catfish could improve growth performance and reduce the need for P fertilization in aquaponics when compared to industrial diets optimized for low environmental impact. Findings are discussed regarding their implications for CMFS and aquaponic feed formulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher Shaw & Klaus Knopf & Laura Klatt & Gabina Marin Arellano & Werner Kloas, 2023. "Closing Nutrient Cycles through the Use of System-Internal Resource Streams: Implications for Circular Multitrophic Food Production Systems and Aquaponic Feed Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-30, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7374-:d:1135902
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Johannes Pasch & Harry W. Palm, 2021. "Economic Analysis and Improvement Opportunities of African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) Aquaculture in Northern Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-23, December.
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    4. Adelya Khayrova & Sergey Lopatin & Valery Varlamov, 2019. "Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens as a Novel Source of Chitin and Chitosan," International Journal of Sciences, Office ijSciences, vol. 8(04), pages 81-86, April.
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    6. Christopher Shaw & Klaus Knopf & Werner Kloas, 2022. "Fish Feeds in Aquaponics and Beyond: A Novel Concept to Evaluate Protein Sources in Diets for Circular Multitrophic Food Production Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-30, March.
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    8. Christopher Shaw & Klaus Knopf & Werner Kloas, 2022. "Toward Feeds for Circular Multitrophic Food Production Systems: Holistically Evaluating Growth Performance and Nutrient Excretion of African Catfish Fed Fish Meal-Free Diets in Comparison to Nile Tila," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-31, November.
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    1. Muhammad Yousaf Arshad & Salaha Saeed & Ahsan Raza & Anum Suhail Ahmad & Agnieszka Urbanowska & Mateusz Jackowski & Lukasz Niedzwiecki, 2023. "Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Machine Learning to Enhance Black Soldier Fly Larvae-Based Composting of Kitchen Waste," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-22, August.

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