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Evaluation of Urban Resilience of China’s Three Major Urban Agglomerations Using Complex Adaptive System Theory

Author

Listed:
  • Changyuan He

    (Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Qiang Zhang

    (Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China)

  • Gang Wang

    (Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Vijay P. Singh

    (Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates)

  • Tiantian Li

    (Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Shuai Cui

    (College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

Abstract

By 2050, a majority of the global population will reside in urban agglomerations. Intensifying natural hazards are posing serious challenges to populations within the urban agglomerations. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate the resilience of urban agglomerations to natural hazards. However, the urban resilience of China’s three major urban agglomerations, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GHMB), is not properly determined. To enhance the evaluation of comprehensive resilience in complex urban agglomerations and improve adaptability in the face of uncertain risks, this paper adopts the theory of complex adaptive systems to reveal the driving factors behind resilience. We developed a model for measuring disaster severity, exposure, bearing capacity, recoverability, and learnability. Furthermore, spatial autocorrelation analysis was employed to explore the distribution patterns of resilience and devise strategies for enhancement. The results indicate that the average urban resilience value of the three major urban agglomerations was 0.5061. The average urban resilience values for BTH, YRD, and GHMB are 0.5331, 0.5116, and 0.4612. We found BTH having the highest resilience level, followed by YRD and GHMB. Within BTH, the resilience level was the highest in the northern part of BTH, but the overall resilience of the southern cities should be improved by enhancing Shijiazhuang’s central role. We also found higher resilience level in northwest YRD than in southeast YRD due to lower population density and lower disaster exposure in northwest YRD. However, we found obscure spatial patterns of urban resilience within GHMB, i.e., higher urban resilience in east and west GHMB and lower urban resilience level in central GHMB. This study presents different urban resilience levels over three urban agglomerations, providing background information for urban planning and urban mitigation to natural disasters in a warming climate.

Suggested Citation

  • Changyuan He & Qiang Zhang & Gang Wang & Vijay P. Singh & Tiantian Li & Shuai Cui, 2023. "Evaluation of Urban Resilience of China’s Three Major Urban Agglomerations Using Complex Adaptive System Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:19:p:14537-:d:1254654
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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