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Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Groundwater Nitrate-Nitrogen and Its Potential Human Health Risk in a Severe Water Shortage Region

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  • Wujuan Mi

    (State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Minghua Zhang

    (School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Yuan Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
    School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Xiaoxuan Jing

    (School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Wei Pan

    (School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Xin Xing

    (School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

  • Chen Xiao

    (State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Qiusheng He

    (College of Materials Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Polytechnic College, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Yonghong Bi

    (State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China)

Abstract

Groundwater nitrate-nitrogen (GNN) has been one of the most widespread pollutants. However, there is still a poor understanding of GNN pollution and its potential effects on human health. In this study, GNN in Taiyuan, a region of severe water scarcity in northern China, was tracked from 2016 to 2020; the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of GNN were demonstrated and the potential human health risks to infants, children, and adults were assessed. The results showed that the concentration of GNN varied from 0.1 to 43.3 mg L −1 ; the highest mean concentration was observed in 2016 and the lowest value appeared in 2020. GNN concentration declined over time, which was closely related to the proactive environmental policies of Tiyuan city. GNN levels were considerably greater in urban areas than in rural areas ( p < 0.001), and the forest had a very low level of GNN, which was significantly different from the grassland, farmland, and construction land ( p < 0.001). According to the hazard quotient, the impacts of GNN on human health revealed age specificity, namely in the order of infants > children > adults. It was concluded that the interception effect of the forest could effectively alleviate groundwater pollution pressures, and more forest land is necessary for human health risk prevention in the severe water shortage areas to alleviate GNN pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Wujuan Mi & Minghua Zhang & Yuan Li & Xiaoxuan Jing & Wei Pan & Xin Xing & Chen Xiao & Qiusheng He & Yonghong Bi, 2023. "Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Groundwater Nitrate-Nitrogen and Its Potential Human Health Risk in a Severe Water Shortage Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:19:p:14284-:d:1249018
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wenwen Feng & Chao Wang & Xiaohui Lei & Hao Wang & Xueliang Zhang, 2020. "Distribution of Nitrate Content in Groundwater and Evaluation of Potential Health Risks: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Northern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Xiaosi Su & Huang Wang & Yuling Zhang, 2013. "Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater: A Case Study of an Agricultural Area in Northeast China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(8), pages 3025-3034, June.
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    1. Daniele Cocca & Manuela Lasagna & Enrico Destefanis & Chiara Bottasso & Domenico Antonio De Luca, 2023. "Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Nitrates Associated with Oral and Dermal Groundwater Exposure: The Poirino Plateau Case Study (NW Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, December.

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