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Structural Classification, Discharge Statistics, and Recession Analysis from the Springs of the Gran Sasso (Italy) Carbonate Aquifer; Comparison with Selected Analogues Worldwide

Author

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  • Giacomo Medici

    (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita’ di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy)

  • Valeria Lorenzi

    (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita’ di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy)

  • Chiara Sbarbati

    (Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ecologiche, Universita’ della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy)

  • Mauro Manetta

    (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita’ di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy)

  • Marco Petitta

    (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita’ di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy)

Abstract

The relative importance of karst conduits and fractures in driving groundwater flow affects the discharge of springs and the long-term availability of water resources. Applying statistics to the hydrographs of the discharge and studying the recessions provide information on the degree of reliability and variability of the springs and, therefore, the flow regime within the saturated part of the carbonate aquifers. This approach was applied to six springs at the Gran Sasso aquifer in Central Italy. These springs were divided into three structural geological groups that determined the position of the permeability thresholds. The type of tectonic structures and the pattern of the permeability thresholds allow a correlation with the computed statistics. The studied springs were associated with the presence of thrusts, overturned drag folds, and a normal fault. The computed statistics describe a general scenario of reliability and steadiness for the springs. The Flow Duration Curves for the springs show limited groundwater flow through the conduits through a comparison with analogues in Slovakia. Joints and bedding plane fractures dominate the groundwater flow, fitting both the relative steadiness of the discharges and the pattern of the Flow Duration Curves. The recessions are also characterized by more gentle slopes with respect to nearby areas fitting a conceptual model of dominant fracture flow. This mathematical scenario depicts groundwater resources, which have limited exposure to episodes of summer droughts. The proposed approach is a holistic combination of structural geology and hydrologic elements and can be successfully exported to other tectonized carbonate areas for the sustainable management of groundwater resources worldwide.

Suggested Citation

  • Giacomo Medici & Valeria Lorenzi & Chiara Sbarbati & Mauro Manetta & Marco Petitta, 2023. "Structural Classification, Discharge Statistics, and Recession Analysis from the Springs of the Gran Sasso (Italy) Carbonate Aquifer; Comparison with Selected Analogues Worldwide," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10125-:d:1179655
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francesco Fiorillo, 2014. "The Recession of Spring Hydrographs, Focused on Karst Aquifers," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(7), pages 1781-1805, May.
    2. Eugenio Sanz Pérez & Cristina Fonolla & Ignacio Menéndez Pidal & Pablo Rosas Rodriguez, 2021. "Paleohydrogeology of the Karstic System of Fuentetoba Spring (Soria, Spain): An Interdisciplinary Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, June.
    3. Giacomo Medici & Jeff B. Langman, 2022. "Pathways and Estimate of Aquifer Recharge in a Flood Basalt Terrain; A Review from the South Fork Palouse River Basin (Columbia River Plateau, USA)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Ivan Portoghese & Rita Masciale & Maria C. Caputo & Lorenzo De Carlo & Daniela Malcangio, 2020. "Combined Discharge and Thermo-Salinity Measurements for the Characterization of a Karst Spring System in Southern Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-21, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ning Zhang & Yongkuan Chi, 2023. "20-Year Ecological Impact Analysis of Shibing Karst World Natural Heritage through Land Use," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Mengyao Ci & Lu Ye & Changhao Liao & Li Yao & Zhiqin Tu & Qiao Xing & Xuguang Tang & Zhi Ding, 2023. "Long-Term Dynamics of Ecosystem Services and Their Influencing Factors in Ecologically Fragile Southwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-22, August.

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