IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i9p4873-d796743.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Adolescents’ Self-Esteem Associated with Solitary, Passive, and Active Leisure Activities

Author

Listed:
  • Dongwook Cho

    (Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39056, USA)

  • Sung Kyeom Kim

    (Department of Exercise Prescription, Dongseo University, Busan 31108, Korea)

Abstract

Adolescents enjoy their free time in different ways including solitary, passive, and active leisure activities. The current special circumstance, the COVID-19 pandemic, provides adolescents with more free time that individuals have to spend by themselves. However, there has been little research devoted to their participation in different leisure activities and its effect on adolescent self-esteem. This study examined current adolescents’ self-esteem levels and frequency of participation among solitary, passive, and active leisure activities and how participation in different types of leisure activities affects adolescent self-esteem. A total of 1759 adolescents self-reported 13 self-esteem items and the frequency of different types of leisure activities. The results revealed that 12 items of the self-esteem scale were higher scores than the average among adolescents in this sample. Adolescents spent significantly more time on solitary leisure activity ( M = 4.85) than passive ( M = 2.54) and active leisure activities ( M = 3.51). The results of regression indicated that solitary activities (β = 0.068, p = 0.007) and sport/exercise (β = 0.267, p < 0.001) and hanging with friends (β = 0.113, p < 0.001) of active leisure activities were positively associated with adolescent self-esteem. The findings suggest that parents, teachers, and administrators should recognize and apply appropriate directions or programs to optimize adolescents’ self-esteem by developing suitable leisure activities. It could be helpful to provide other active leisure activities such as socialized clubs or extracurricular physical activities to improve their self-esteem.

Suggested Citation

  • Dongwook Cho & Sung Kyeom Kim, 2022. "Adolescents’ Self-Esteem Associated with Solitary, Passive, and Active Leisure Activities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:4873-:d:796743
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/4873/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/4873/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Young, Mischa & Lachapelle, Ugo, 2017. "Transportation behaviours of the growing Canadian single-person households," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 41-50.
    2. Verena H. Menec, 2003. "The Relation Between Everyday Activities and Successful Aging: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 58(2), pages 74-82.
    3. Anna Irimiás & Tamás Csordás & Kornélia Kiss & Gábor Michalkó, 2021. "Aggregated Roles of Smartphones in Young Adults’ Leisure and Well-Being: A Diary Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Mingli Liu & Lang Wu & Qingsen Ming, 2015. "How Does Physical Activity Intervention Improve Self-Esteem and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.
    5. Bang, Hyejin & Won, Doyeon & Park, Sanghyun, 2020. "School engagement, self-esteem, and depression of adolescents: The role of sport participation and volunteering activity and gender differences," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    6. Carmel Proctor & P. Linley & John Maltby, 2010. "Very Happy Youths: Benefits of Very High Life Satisfaction Among Adolescents," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 98(3), pages 519-532, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela & Elisa Huescar & Juan L. Núñez & Luis Conte & Jaime Léon & Juan Antonio Moreno-Murcia, 2021. "Prediction of Adolescent Physical Self-Concept through Autonomous Motivation and Basic Psychological Needs in Spanish Physical Education Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Trine Filges & Anu Siren & Torben Fridberg & Bjørn C. V. Nielsen, 2020. "Voluntary work for the physical and mental health of older volunteers: A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(4), December.
    3. Melinda Heinz & Nicholas Cone & Grace Da Rosa & Alex J. Bishop & Tanya Finchum, 2017. "Examining Supportive Evidence for Psychosocial Theories of Aging within the Oral History Narratives of Centenarians," Societies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-21, April.
    4. Lisa A. Newland & Daniel Mourlam & Gabrielle Strouse, 2018. "A Phenomenological Exploration of the Role of Digital Technology and Media in Children’s Subjective Well-Being," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 11(5), pages 1563-1583, October.
    5. Patricia Tucker & Brianne A. Bruijns & Kristi B. Adamo & Shauna M. Burke & Valerie Carson & Rachel Heydon & Jennifer D. Irwin & Andrew M. Johnson & Patti-Jean Naylor & Brian W. Timmons & Leigh M. Vand, 2022. "Training Pre-Service Early Childhood Educators in Physical Activity (TEACH): Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-27, March.
    6. Sebastiano Costa & Antonino Bianco & Valentina Polizzi & Marianna Alesi, 2021. "Happiness in Physical Activity: A Longitudinal Examination of Children Motivation and Negative Affect in Physical Activity," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1643-1655, April.
    7. Junta Takahashi & Hisashi Kawai & Hiroyuki Suzuki & Yoshinori Fujiwara & Yutaka Watanabe & Hirohiko Hirano & Hunkyung Kim & Kazushige Ihara & Kaori Ishii & Koichiro Oka & Shuichi Obuchi, 2020. "Reliability and Validity of the Activity Diversity Questionnaire for Older Adults in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-9, March.
    8. Deniz Yucel & Anastasia S. Vogt Yuan, 2016. "Parents, Siblings, or Friends? Exploring Life Satisfaction among Early Adolescents," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 11(4), pages 1399-1423, December.
    9. Linda Kridahl, 2014. "Retirement and leisure: a longitudinal study using Swedish data," Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. 12(1), pages 141-168.
    10. Manuel Ávila-García & María Esojo-Rivas & Emilio Villa-González & Pablo Tercedor & Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado, 2021. "Relationship between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-11, March.
    11. Edgar Demeter & Dana Rad, 2020. "Global Life Satisfaction and General Antisocial Behavior in Young Individuals: The Mediating Role of Perceived Loneliness in Regard to Social Sustainability—A Preliminary Investigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, May.
    12. Rafael E. Reigal & Luna Moral-Campillo & Juan P. Morillo-Baro & Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier & Antonio Hernández-Mendo & Verónica Morales-Sánchez, 2020. "Physical Exercise, Fitness, Cognitive Functioning, and Psychosocial Variables in an Adolescent Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, February.
    13. Hsiao-Yun Lee & Chia-Pin Yu & Chih-Da Wu & Wen-Chi Pan, 2018. "The Effect of Leisure Activity Diversity and Exercise Time on the Prevention of Depression in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents of Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-11, April.
    14. Carmem M. Cunha & Nathalie Dens & Georg D. Granic, 2023. "University Students’ Well-Being and Engagement in Activities in the Early Days of Covid-19," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 18(1), pages 279-303, February.
    15. Berger, Christian & Deutsch, Nancy & Cuadros, Olga & Franco, Eduardo & Rojas, Matias & Roux, Gabriela & Sánchez, Felipe, 2020. "Adolescent peer processes in extracurricular activities: Identifying developmental opportunities," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    16. Faik Ardahan & Mehmet Mert, 2013. "Impacts of Outdoor Activities, Demographic Variables and Emotional Intelligence on Life Satisfaction: An Econometric Application of a Case in Turkey," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 113(3), pages 887-901, September.
    17. repec:thr:techub:10028:y:2022:i:1:p:76-88 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Juan Gregorio Fernández-Bustos & Juan Carlos Pastor-Vicedo & Irene González-Martí & Ricardo Cuevas-Campos, 2020. "Physical Fitness and Peer Relationships in Spanish Preadolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-11, March.
    19. Henrike Galenkamp & Cristina Gagliardi & Andrea Principi & Stanislawa Golinowska & Amilcar Moreira & Andrea E. Schmidt & Juliane Winkelmann & Agnieszka Sowa & Suzan Pas & Dorly J. H. Deeg, 2016. "Predictors of social leisure activities in older Europeans with and without multimorbidity," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 129-143, June.
    20. Débora Godoy-Izquierdo & Raquel Lara Moreno & María Vázquez Pérez & Francisco Araque Serrano & Juan Godoy García, 2013. "Correlates of Happiness Among Older Spanish Institutionalised and Non-Institutionalised Adults," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 389-414, April.
    21. Kattika Thanakwang & Sang‐arun Isaramalai, 2013. "Productive engagement in older adults: A concept analysis," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1), pages 124-130, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:4873-:d:796743. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.