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Dynamics of Fire Foci in the Amazon Rainforest and Their Consequences on Environmental Degradation

Author

Listed:
  • Helvécio de Oliveira Filho

    (Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering Department (PGEB), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24210-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

  • José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior

    (Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering Department (PGEB), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24210-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Institute of Atmospheric Sciences (ICAT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-260, Alagoas, Brazil)

  • Marcos Vinícius da Silva

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, SN, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil)

  • Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Dom Manoel de Medeiros avenue, SN, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil)

  • Munawar Shah

    (Department of Space Science, GNSS and Space Education Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • João Paulo Assis Gobo

    (Department of Geography, Federal University of Rondônia–UNIR, Porto Velho 76812-020, Rondônia, Brazil)

  • Claudio José Cavalcante Blanco

    (School of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, Federal University of Pará–FAESA/ITEC/UFPA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66075–110, Pará, Brazil)

  • Luiz Claudio Gomes Pimentel

    (Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

  • Corbiniano da Silva

    (Civil Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

  • Elania Barros da Silva

    (Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering Department (PGEB), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24210-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

  • Thelma de Barros Machado

    (Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering Department (PGEB), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24210-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

  • Carlos Rodrigues Pereira

    (Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering Department (PGEB), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24210-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

  • Ninu Krishnan Modon Valappil

    (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo 055508-090, SP, Brazil)

  • Vijith Hamza

    (Kerala State Disaster Management Authority, Thiruvananthapuram 695033, Kerala, India)

  • Mohd Anul Haq

    (Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ilyas Khan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdullah Mohamed

    (University Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11745, Egypt)

  • El-Awady Attia

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
    Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering (Shoubra), Benha University, Cairo 11511, Egypt)

Abstract

Burns are common practices in Brazil and cause major fires, especially in the Legal Amazon. This study evaluated the dynamics of the fire foci in the Legal Amazon in Brazil and their consequences on environmental degradation, particularly in the transformation of the forest into pasture, in livestock and agriculture areas, mining activities and urbanization. The fire foci data were obtained from the reference satellites of the BDQueimadas of the CPTEC/INPE for the period June 1998–May 2022. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis, followed by a comparison with the PRODES data during 2004–2021, the DETER data (2016–2019) and the ENSO phases during the ONI index for the study area. Biophysical parameters were used in the assessment of environmental degradation. The results showed that El Niño’s years of activity and the years of extreme droughts (2005, 2010 and 2015) stand out with respect to significant increase in fire foci. Moreover, the significant numbers of fire foci indices during August, September, October and November were recorded as 23.28%, 30.91%, 15.64% and 10.34%, respectively, and these were even more intensified by the El Niño episodes. Biophysical parameters maps showed the variability of the fire foci, mainly in the south and west part of the Amazon basin referring to the Arc of Deforestation. Similarly, the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Amazonas had the highest alerts from PRODES and DETER, and in the case of DETER, primarily mining and deforestation (94.3%) increased the environmental degradation. The use of burns for agriculture and livestock, followed by mining and wood extraction, caused the degradation of the Amazon biome.

Suggested Citation

  • Helvécio de Oliveira Filho & José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior & Marcos Vinícius da Silva & Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim & Munawar Shah & João Paulo Assis Gobo & Claudio José Cavalcante Bl, 2022. "Dynamics of Fire Foci in the Amazon Rainforest and Their Consequences on Environmental Degradation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:15:p:9419-:d:877672
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ignacio Amigo, 2020. "When will the Amazon hit a tipping point?," Nature, Nature, vol. 578(7796), pages 505-507, February.
    2. Javier Tomasella & Patrícia Pinho & Laura Borma & José Marengo & Carlos Nobre & Olga Bittencourt & Maria Prado & Daniel Rodriguez & Luz Cuartas, 2013. "The droughts of 1997 and 2005 in Amazonia: floodplain hydrology and its potential ecological and human impacts," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 116(3), pages 723-746, February.
    3. Lima, Mendelson & Vale, Joine Cariele Evangelista do & Costa, Gerlane de Medeiros & Santos, Reginaldo Carvalho dos & Correia Filho, Washington Luiz Félix & Gois, Givanildo & Oliveira-Junior, José Fran, 2020. "The forests in the indigenous lands in Brazil in peril," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    4. José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior & Munawar Shah & Ayesha Abbas & Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho & Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior & Dimas de Barros Santiago & Paulo Eduardo Teodoro & David Mendes, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Fire Foci and Environmental Degradation in the Biomes of Northeastern Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jassiel V. H. Fontes & Paulo R. R. de Almeida & Harlysson W. S. Maia & Irving D. Hernández & Claudio A. Rodríguez & Rodolfo Silva & Edgar Mendoza & Paulo T. T. Esperança & Ricardo Almeida Sanches & Sa, 2022. "Marine Accidents in the Brazilian Amazon: The Problems and Challenges in the Initiatives for Their Prevention Focused on Passenger Ships," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-26, December.

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