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Outdoors Evacuation Routes Algorithm Using Cellular Automata and Graph Theory for Uphills and Downhills

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  • Washington Velasquez

    (Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador)

  • Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado

    (Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador)

Abstract

This paper proposes an innovative algorithm for the determination of the optimal outdoor evacuation routes in hills. The algorithm uses web services to obtain the Google Image Tile (a portion of the area to evaluate) and each area’s geographic information. Then, the routes are calculated using cellular automata in 3D and graph theory with geographic information obtained from Google Maps (latitude, longitude, and elevation). The calculation of evacuation routes per study area is performed in an adequate time, revealing the potential of the proposed approach for different applications in emergency scenarios such as wildfires, smart transport, and climbing.

Suggested Citation

  • Washington Velasquez & Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado, 2021. "Outdoors Evacuation Routes Algorithm Using Cellular Automata and Graph Theory for Uphills and Downhills," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4731-:d:541910
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Li & Liu, Mao & Meng, Bo, 2013. "Incorporating topography in a cellular automata model to simulate residents evacuation in a mountain area in China," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 392(3), pages 520-528.
    2. Ping, Ping & Wang, Ke & Kong, Depeng, 2018. "Analysis of emergency evacuation in an offshore platform using evacuation simulation modeling," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 505(C), pages 601-612.
    3. Yuan, Weifeng & Tan, Kang Hai, 2007. "An evacuation model using cellular automata," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 384(2), pages 549-566.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kerly Castro-Basurto & Freddy Jijon-Veliz & Washington Medina & Washington Velasquez, 2021. "Outside Dynamic Evacuation Routes to Escape a Wildfire: A Prototype App for Forest Firefighters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.

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