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Structural Disadvantage: Evidence of Gender Disparities in the Norwegian Pension System

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  • Erika K. Palmer

    (Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway)

Abstract

Norway is a world leader in gender equality according to sustainable development performance indicators. This study goes beyond these indicators to investigate systemic economic disadvantages for women, focusing specifically on the Norwegian pension system. System dynamics modeling is used to understand how gender disparity is built into social systems. A significant contributor to the gender inequality in pensions is the difference in lifetime working hours due to childbearing/rearing. There are childcare policies in place to equalize lifetime working hours between the genders; however, these policies require women to conform to the pension system structure and outsource their childcare. The system dynamics modeling illustrates how social investment strategy requires women to conform to a masculine pension system if they want equivalent financial security when they reach retirement.

Suggested Citation

  • Erika K. Palmer, 2017. "Structural Disadvantage: Evidence of Gender Disparities in the Norwegian Pension System," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:22-:d:91238
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Julie A. Nelson, 2016. "Husbandry: a (feminist) reclamation of masculine responsibility for care," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 40(1), pages 1-15.
    2. Aggarwal, Raj & Goodell, John W., 2013. "Political-economy of pension plans: Impact of institutions, gender, and culture," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 1860-1879.
    3. Maria Letizia Zanier & Isabella Crespi, 2015. "Facing the Gender Gap in Aging: Italian Women’s Pension in the European Context," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Lane, David C., 1999. "Social theory and system dynamics practice," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(3), pages 501-527, March.
    5. Nicole Hennum, 2014. "Developing Child-Centered Social Policies: When Professionalism Takes Over," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-19, August.
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    1. Francisco Palací & Irene Jiménez & Gabriela Topa, 2018. "Too soon to worry? Longitudinal examination of financial planning for retirement among Spanish aged workers," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Anat Herbst-Debby, 2023. "What’s Your Pension Story? Women’s Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Old-Age Pension Status, Past and Present," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-20, May.

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